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History > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

rugged individualism

A

success comes through individual effort and private ownership

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2
Q

breadlines

A

long lines of poverty-stricken women and men in line for bowls of soup and bread

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3
Q

shantytowns

A

collection of makeshift shelters built out of packing boxes, scrap lumber, and corrugated iron

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4
Q

gross national product

A

the total value of all goods and services produced in a given year: fell below $56 billion at the height of the depression

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5
Q

bull market

A

a market with an upward trend in stock prices

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6
Q

margin buying

A

practice of purchasing stocks with borrowed money

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7
Q

bear market

A

a market with a downward trend in stock prices

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8
Q

Who was President during the Great Depression?

A

Herbert Hoover

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9
Q

Why did financial experts issue warnings about business practices during the 1920s?

A
  • agricultural crisis
  • mass production
  • debt from credit purchases
  • rapid buying and selling of stocks
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10
Q

What was Black Thursday?

A

October 24, 1929; a large number of investors sold their shares, jolting investor confidence and causing prices to plunge

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11
Q

What did the President blame the depression on?

A

World War I

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12
Q

How much money did stockholders lose in 1929?

A

$30 billion

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13
Q

List 4 events that signaled the beginning of the Great Depression.

A
  • the crisis in the banking industry
  • business failures
  • stock market crash
  • massive unemployment
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14
Q

How did unemployment during the depression affect men and women differently?

A
  • men: depressed attitudes, alcoholism, and suicide rates were high
  • women: forced to work to earn money for less wages
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15
Q

How did unemployment during the depression affect the lives of American workers?

A
  • homelessness
  • racial discrimination
  • hunger
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16
Q

In 1933, unemployment had risen to what?

A

15 million

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17
Q

business cycle

A

the regular ups and downs of business in a free enterprise economy

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18
Q

What effects did the depression have on the U.S. economy?

A
  • unemployment
  • business failures
  • people withdrew their money from banks and banks closed
  • people lost their homes
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19
Q

Cotton prices fell from ___ cents a pound in 1929 to __ cents a pound in 1931.

A
  • 16
  • 6
20
Q

How did the hardships of the depression differ for rural and urban residents?

A
  • urban: less demand for farm products, hunger, breadlines, shantytowns, discrimination, homelessness/poverty
  • rural: unable to sell crops, mutualistas, homelessness/poverty
21
Q

List 2 results of family life during the depression.

A
  • marriage rates fell / divorce rates rose
  • birth rates declined
22
Q

William Faulkner

A

famous novelist from Oxford, MS; wrote “As I Lay Dying” and “The Sound and the Fury”

23
Q

How many Americans committed suicide in 1932?

A

20,000

24
Q

List 3 things Hoover offered for Americans to get out of depression.

A
  • public works projects
  • offered loans to farmers
  • provided money to savings banks
25
Q

What was the largest public works project during Hoover’s presidency?

A

Hoover Dam

26
Q

Home Loan Bank Act of 1932

A

established the Home Loan Bank Board and provided money to savings banks

27
Q

Federal Farm Board (FFB)

A
  • offered loans to farmers
  • offered equipment
  • bought crops in bulk
28
Q

Who won the 1932 election and what was his slogan?

A

Franklin D. Roosevelt; “new deal”

29
Q

Who was Franklin D. Roosevelt’s wife?

A

Eleanor Roosevelt

30
Q

How did urban and rural residents cope during the depression?

A

urban:
- fought for food
- waited in breadlines
- lived in shantytowns
rural:
- let crops rot
- killed cattle
- immigrants left the country

31
Q

Why did the stock market crash in 1929?

A
  • mass production
  • inflation
  • rapid buying
32
Q

What events in 1929 were historically significant?

A
  • stock market crash
  • banking crisis
33
Q

How did the stock market crash provoke a banking crisis and how did the banking crisis lead to business failures?

A
  • investors couldn’t repay loans to banks
34
Q

How did poverty in urban areas create such a drop in agricultural prices that farmers let their crops rot in the field?

A

couldn’t afford to purchase farm products

35
Q

How did the hardships of the Great Depression further inflame racial prejudices against African American workers and Mexican migrant farmworkers?

A

many jobs went to white citizens

36
Q

Why did President Hoover oppose government-sponsored direct relief for individuals during the great depression?

A

wanted individual effort with no government assistance (rugged individualism)

37
Q

How did the Hoover administration attempt to save the depression’s economic problems?

A
  • created the Federal Emergency Relief Board (authorized $375 million for the unemployed)
  • created relief organizations like the Red Cross, Salvation Army, and YMCA
38
Q

What were some of President Hoover’s public works?

A
  • Hoover Dam
  • 800 public buildings
  • 37,000 miles of highway
  • $800 million in funding
39
Q

Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)

A

created by Congress in February 1932; lended up to $2 billion of taxpayer money to stabilized troubled banks

40
Q

How did the Great Depression affect the role of the federal government?

A

got more involved in the lives of citizens

41
Q

Why did World War I veterans and unemployed workers resort to mass protest during the early years of the depression?

A

demanded bonuses, aid, and employment

42
Q

How did President Hoover and President Roosevelt differ?

A

Roosevelt was more fair and optimistic

43
Q

What were the multiple factors that contributed to the Great Depression?

A
  • consumer debt
  • financial crisis
  • unemployment
  • agricultural crisis
44
Q

How did racial prejudices magnify the effects of the depression for African Americans and Mexican Americans?

A
  • discrimination in the workplace
  • lower wages
  • higher unemployment rate
45
Q

What type of program would you have developed to ease the burdens of urban residents and farmers during the depression?

A
  • mortgage relief program
  • school lunch program
46
Q

How did Hoover’s depression-era programs reflect his belief in rugged individualism and self-reliance?

A
  • wanted volunteers and work for relief
  • nothing was given out for free

History (20 decks)

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