Chapter 9 Flashcards
What did progressivism focus on?
urban problems, corrupt political machines, plight of workers, poor sanitation
Ella Young
first female superintendent of schools in a major city
Who were progressives?
- many were college-educated reformers
- many were women
- many were middle to upper class
In 1910, ___ of all American laborers worked an average of ___ _______ a week.
70%, 54 hours
muckrakers
investigative journalists who “raked up” and exposed the muck or filth of society
Ida Tarbell
published 19 articles on the Standard Oil Company’s corrupt business practices
How did muckrakers contribute to progressivism?
exposed unfair business practices and political corruption
What role did women play on progressivism?
- exposed political corruption
- influenced politics and new careers
What issues did muckraking journalists concentrate on during the first decades of the 1900s?
- corruption
- child labor
- public attention to help create change
In 1900, the average laborer worked for nearly ___ hours a day, ___ days a week, for about $_____. ________ and ___________ earned even less.
- 10 hours
- 6 days
- $1.50
- Women and children
Florence Kelley
reformer who helped persuade the Illinois legislature in 1893 to prohibit child labor and to limit the number of hours women could work
Why did progressive reformers see a need for new labor laws in the early 1900s?
- to prohibit child labor
- to improve conditions for female workers
closed shop
a workplace where all the employees must belong to a union
socialism
the system under which the government or worker cooperatives own most factories, utilities, and transportation and communications systems
open shop
a nonunion workplace
What solutions would you have proposed to improve working conditions for women and children?
- higher wages
- fewer hours
How did the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire lead to improved workplace safety?
attention to safety violations
Lawrence Veiller
a settlement house worker who attacked irresponsible tenement owners; campaigned for improved housing
How did the growth of cities lead to urban reforms?
made cities more healthful and livable
prohibition
a ban on the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages and the closing of saloons
18th Amendment
barred the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages
W.E.B. Du Bois
the first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard; strong supporter of civil rights
How did W.E.B. Due Bois try to reform race relations?
urged African Americans to focus on education and economic prosperity
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
- an organization dedicated to ending racial discrimination
