Chapter 3

Question 1

Fort Sumter

Answer 1

major port city of the south; a strategic location in the harbor of Charleston, SC
- on April 12, the first shot of the Civil War was fired here by Confederate forces

Question 2

What was the significance of the fall of Fort Sumter?

Answer 2

four more southern states seceded from the Union

Question 3

What advantages did the north have?

Answer 3

• better military advisers
• had more money and supplies
• controlled railroad lines

Question 4

What advantages did the south have?

Answer 4

• more land
• defensive tactics

Question 5

What was the capital of the Confederacy?

Answer 5

Richmond, Virginia

Question 6

Lincoln’s 3-part strategy

Answer 6

1) capture Richmond
2) gain control of the MS River
3) set up naval blockades in the south

Question 7

What mistake did the south make in assessing its war resources?

Answer 7

assumed they’d receive foreign aid from Britain and France

Question 8

What were the colors of the Union and Confederate uniforms?

Answer 8

• Union = blue
• Confederacy = gray

Question 9

What hardships did soldiers experience?

Answer 9

• homesickness
• lack of food and clothing
• disease, infection, and malnutrition

Question 10

What jobs were created for women in the Union?

Answer 10

• 450 jobs for female clerks in the Treasury
• 100,000 jobs for women in arsenals, factories, and sewing rooms

Question 11

What was life like on the northern homefront?

Answer 11

women worked in factories

Question 12

What was life like on the southern homefront?

Answer 12

women ran farms and other odd jobs

Question 13

Elizabeth Blackwell

Answer 13

first professionally licensed female doctor in the U.S.

Question 14

Clara Barton

Answer 14

established the Red Cross

Question 15

How did women contribute to the war effort?

Answer 15

• worked in factories that supplied clothing and food
• helped the wounded and sick
• some were spies

Question 16

When was the first conscription (draft) passed?

Answer 16

1862

Question 17

habeas corpus

Answer 17

protection against unlawful imprisonment

Question 18

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 18

• led Union forces in the west
• 18th president

Question 19

Battle of Shiloh casualties

Answer 19

• Union = 13,000
• Confederacy = 10,000

Question 20

The bloodiest single-day battle in U.S. military history was the ______________.

Answer 20

Battle of Antietam

Question 21

Why did Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation when he did?

Answer 21

Battle of Antietam gave him the political support he needed

Question 22

Martin Delany

Answer 22

became the first African-American major in 1865

Question 23

How did African-Americans support the Union cause?

Answer 23

about 180,000 served in the Union army

Question 24

What role did the Emancipation Proclamation play in the war?

Answer 24

• allowed African-Americans to serve for the union
• shifted goals in the war to abolishing slavery

Question 25

war of attrition

Answer 25

to continue fighting until your opponent runs out of men, supplies, and the will to fight

Question 26

How did General Sherman change the tactics of war?

Answer 26

• war of attrition
• tried to destroy everything that would allow the south to keep fighting

Question 27

total war

Answer 27

strategy where an army destroys its opponent’s ability to fight by attacking civilian, economic, and military targets

Question 28

What were the terms of the surrender at Appomattox?

Answer 28

• Confederate officers could keep their side arms
• all soldiers would be fed and allowed to keep their horses and mules

Question 29

George Meade

Answer 29

nominated by Lincoln to fight in the Battle of Gettysburg

Question 30

John Pemberton

Answer 30

defended Vicksburg for the Confederacy

Question 31

What was the railroad junction of the south?

Answer 31

Corinth

Question 32

What was the key to the north winning the war?

Answer 32

Vicksburg

Question 33

Robert E. Lee

Answer 33

Confederate military general

Question 34

Where did the confederacy surrender?

Answer 34

Appomattox

Question 35

How did the first Battle of Bull Run affect the nation?

Answer 35

people realized the war would be long and bloody

Question 36

What role did geography play in helping the north win the war?

Answer 36

captured the MS River

Question 37

How did the economic resources of the north and south affect the war?

Answer 37

• North’s industry provided money and allowed them to control railroads
• South’s wealth was in land

Question 38

How did the draft challenge ideas about individual liberty in the North and South?

Answer 38

violated people’s liberties

Question 39

How might the outcome of the war have been different if European powers had aided the south?

Answer 39

• would have provided the south with supplies that could’ve helped them win
• would have made the 13th amendment invalid

Question 40

How did the south, with fewer supplies and resources, manage to stall a northern victory for 4 years?

Answer 40

• defensive tactics
• land advantage

Question 41

What was the effect of the draft?

Answer 41

affected the poor