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History > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Paleo Indians

A

the first Americans; followed animal herds through North America; hunted animals for food and clothing and gathered edible plants

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2
Q

Maya

A

created a number system and wrote with glyphs; found in southern Mexico and Guatemala

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3
Q

Aztec

A

invaded central Mexico in A.D. 1200; empire ruled millions; society was organized with a strict class system; capital city has a canal system

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4
Q

Inca

A

a farming culture in the Andes; most populated empire in the Americas (12 million)

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5
Q

What advances did early civilizations in the Americas make?

A
  • agriculture
  • numbering system
  • glyphs (symbols/images)
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6
Q

feudalism

A

a system where feudal nobles pledged loyalty/military assistance to more powerful leaders in return for land and protection from invasion

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7
Q

Crusades

A

religious wars between Christians and Muslims for control of Jerusalem

  • opened trading routes for European merchants
  • gave people ideas about art, philosophy, and science
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8
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

tried to reach Asia in October 1492 by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean, landed in San Salvador

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9
Q

Hernan Cortes

A

conquered the Aztec Empire in 1519; built Mexico City

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10
Q

Jamestown, Virginia

A

first settlement in America; founded in 1607 by 100 men recruited by the London Company; near Chesapeake Bay

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11
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

a document that established a self-governing colony based on the majority rule of male church members

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12
Q

Starting in 1630, in the _____ ________ 60,000 Puritans left England for the Americas.

A

Great Migration

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13
Q

John Winthrop

A

helped settle the Massachusetts Bay Colony; a leader of the Puritan movement; led a fleet of 11 ships with 1,000 settlers

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14
Q

James Oglethorpe

A

in 1732, he established Georgia as a settlement

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15
Q

What effect did colonial settlement have on Native Americans?

A
  • threatened their hunting grounds and farms
  • gave them diseases
  • death
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16
Q

How did religion influence the founding of the New England colonies?

A

they were founded to gain religious freedom

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17
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

banned settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains

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18
Q

Stamp Act

A

levied a tax on printed matter of all kinds

19
Q

The Shot Heard Round The World

A

fired at a battle between Redcoats and Patriots in Lexington near Concord (where the war started)

20
Q

George Washington

A

Virginian general of the Continental Army

21
Q

Battle of Bunker Hill

A

Revolutionary War battle near Boston that resulted in 1,000 British casualties and 450 Patriot casualties

22
Q

Thomas Paine

A

a powerful supporter of independence; published the pamphlet Common Sense in January 1776

23
Q

Common Sense

A

pamphlet that raised support for the Revolution and called for the end of British rule

24
Q

Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)

A

laws that closed the port of Boston, revoked the colony’s charter, and ordered local officials to provide food and shelter for British soldiers

25
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

Virginian lawyer, planter, and slaveholder; wrote the first draft of the Declaration of Independence and most of the final draft

26
Q

Abigail Adams

A

remarked on political affairs (discussed women’s rights and their exclusion from the Declaration of Independence); born in 1744 in MA; John Adams’s wife and the daughter of a minister

27
Q

Battle of Yorktown

A

battle where the British surrendered and ended the war

28
Q

Treaty of Paris

A

September 3, 1783; granted the U.S. independence + land from the Atlantic coast westward to the MS River and from the Great Lakes south to Florida

29
Q

impel

A

force

30
Q

tyranny

A

oppressive power exerted by a government or ruler

31
Q

relinquish

A

release, yield

32
Q

annihilation

A

destruction

33
Q

tenure

A

term

34
Q

quartering

A

lodging, housing

35
Q

republicanism

A

citizens hold the ultimate authority

36
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

a plan for a national government; the first written constitution of the U.S.; went into effect in 1781

37
Q

What did the Articles of Confederation grant the government the right to do?

A
  • borrow and coin money
  • conduct foreign affairs
  • set policy toward Native Americans
  • settle state disputes
38
Q

Who was the leader of the British army?

A

General Cornwallis

39
Q

depression

A

a sharp drop in business activity and a rise in unemployment (happened in 1784)

40
Q

Federalists

A

favored ratification of the Constitution

  • Alexander Hamilton
  • John Jay
  • James Madison
  • John Marshall
41
Q

Antifederalists

A

feared a powerful national government

- Samuel Adams, John Hancock, Patrick Henry, George Mason

42
Q

electors

A

delegates selected by state government

43
Q

federalism

A

the division of powers between a strong central government and the state governments

History (20 decks)

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