Chapter 16 Flashcards
How did the New Deal provide relief for the unemployed?
Congress approved 15 relief and recovery measures
Emergency Banking Act
authorized the federal government to regulate banks and allow those that were financially sound to reopen
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
insured each bank deposit up to $5,000
Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)
assisted home owners who couldn’t meet their mortgage payments
Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
distributed $500 million in relief aid to state and local agencies
Frances Perkins
secretary of labor for the Roosevelt administration
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
- planted 217 million trees during the Dust Bowl and created a windbreak that stretched from Texas to Canada
- provided relief for many unemployed young men between the ages of 18 and 25 (250,000 men) during the depression
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
- stimulated industrial and business activity and reduced unemployment (stabilized prices, raised wages, limited work hours, and provided jobs)
- created the Public Works Administration (PWA) and the National Recovery Administration (NRA)
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
paid farmers to reduce their output of corn, cotton, dairy products, hogs, rice, tobacco, wheat, etc.
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
built dams and built several power station that provided electricity, flood control, and recreational facilities for the region
Robert C. Weaver
African American adviser for the Department of the Interior on racial matters
- helped over 100 African Americans get posts in the federal government
Marian Anderson
a world-famous African American singer
John Collier
founded the American Indian Defense Association (fought to protect religious freedom and tribal property)
How did the program of the TVA affect daily life and the standard of living in the area?
provided electricity, flood control, and jobs
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
regulates companies that sell stocks and bonds
What were the criticisms aimed at the new deal?
it destroyed the constitution and free enterprise
Dr. Francis E. Townsend
a liberal reformer who opposed the New Deal
- wanted the government to grant a pension of $200 a month to every American over 60
Huey Long
a corrupt U.S. Senator from Louisiana; had the most radical plan
- wanted to tax the rich and provide steady income to every American
National Youth Administration (NYA)
provided high-school and college age Americans (16-25) with part time jobs
Social Security Act
- provided unemployment insurance to workers who lost their jobs
- provided pensions to workers over 65
- provided payments to people with disabilities, the elderly, and widows and children
How did President Roosevelt win re-election easily in 1936?
earned the support of laborers, farmers, African Americans, and Republicans
Nine Old Men
what Roosevelt named the Supreme Court justices; six were 70 or older and he wanted to replace them
Agricultural Adjustment Act
promoted crop reduction and conservation
What caused Roosevelt’s recession?
his public works programs
What were the effects of the Dust Bowl?
- buried fences and farm machinery
- drought
- turned 50 million acres into a wasteland
How did environmental changes in the Great Plains lead to changes in migration?
drought forced people to migrate west
Dorothea Lange
one of the most talented photographers of the depression era
Federal Project Number One
sought to encourage pride in American culture by providing work to artists in the fields of writing, theater, music, and visual arts
What was the purpose of Federal Project Number One?
provided artists with jobs
John Steinbeck
wrote The Grapes of Wrath
Margaret Mitchell
wrote Gone With the Wind
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem artist who portrayed the daily lives of African American heroes
How did music change in the 1930s?
more gospel and traditional sounds
How did the works of artists such as John Steinbeck and Georgia O’Keefe reflect the hard times of the depression?
- paintings showed the natural difficulty of the depression
How did the Roosevelt administration expand the role of the federal government in regulating the economy?
- provided jobs and wages
- public works projects
- provided help to farmers
Why might the Supreme Court have declared some New Deal measures unconstitutional?
- larger taxes on the wealthy
- interfered with free enterprise
What effects did migration from the Dust Bowl have on the West Coast?
greater population in California
How did criticism of the first New Deal shape the second New Deal?
- Social Security Act
- helped small businesses and industries
How do New Deal programs affect the lives of U.S. citizens today?
- Social Security Act
- national parks
- art projects
What actions did people from various ethnic and racial groups take in the 1930s to expand their economic and political opportunities?
- African Americans got jobs in the federal government
- Native Americans fought for religious freedom and property ownership
Farm Credit Administration (FCA)
provided loans to farmers and allowed them to pay off mortgages and back taxes
