Chapter 4 Flashcards
How did African Americans in the South want their lives to be different as freedpeople?
- wanted their own churches and schools
- legalize marriages
- land and independence
reconstruction
rebuilding
amnesty
full pardon
John Wilkes Booth
shot Abraham Lincoln as he and his wife watched a play at the Ford’s Theatre in Washington on April 14, 1865
Andrew Johnson
Lincoln’s vice president who became the 17th president after his death; democrat, slaveholder, and former Tennessee senator; first president to be impeached
Why was President Johnson impeached?
removed Secretary of War Edwin Stanton (an ally of the Radical Republicans) because of different political views on race
Why was President Johnson lenient toward former Confederates?
- former slaveholder from Tennessee
- wanted the government to be controlled by rich white men
Black Codes
African Americans couldn’t hold meetings without whites, travel without permits, own guns, attend schools with whites, serve on juries, or own a dog
Frederick Douglass
embraced policies of Restoration and publicly supported voting rights for African Americans; led the way for African American rights
Freedmen’s Bureau
aided millions of southerners left homeless and hungry by the war; distributed food and clothing, provided jobs, set up hospitals, and operated schools
14th Amendment
required states to extend equal citizenship to African Americans and all people born/naturalized in the U.S.
Tenure of Office Act
required Senate approval of a replacement before the president could remove an appointed official who had been confirmed by the Senate
Ulysses S. Grant
became the 18th president in 1868
15th Amendment
the right of citizens of the U.S. to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the U.S. or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
What were northern Republicans called?
carpetbaggers
What were white former Confederates who now supported Reconstruction called?
scalawags/scoundrels
Ku Klux Klan
founded in 1866 to prevent African Americans from voting
- burned homes, schools, and churches and stole livestock
Enforcement Acts
3 laws that empowered the federal government to combat terrorism with military force and to prosecute guilty individuals
Civil Rights Act of 1875
prohibited businesses that served the public from discriminating against African Americans
sharecropping
a system in which a farmer worked a parcel of land in return for a share of the crop, a cabin, seed, tools, and a mule
- drawbacks were debt and being tied to a 1 crop system of cotton
crop-lien system
arrangement in which sharecroppers promised their crops to merchants in exchange for supplies on credit
poll taxes
fixed taxes imposed on every voter
literacy tests
tests that barred those who could not read from voting
segregation
separation of people by category, usually race
Jim Crow laws
laws that enforced segregation in the South
Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court ruling that established the “separate-but-equal” doctrine for public facilities
Madame C.J. Walker
African American entrepreneur; one of the first women in the U.S. to become a millionaire
Booker T. Washington
believed African Americans should concentrate on achieving economic independence and discouraged them from protesting against discrimination; founded the Tuskegee Institute
Ida B. Wells
civil rights activist, journalist, and teacher; focused on stopping the lynching of African Americans
What role did cotton play in the new South?
became the main crop
