Chapter 4

Question 1

How did African Americans in the South want their lives to be different as freedpeople?

Answer 1

• wanted their own churches and schools
• legalize marriages
• land and independence

Question 2

reconstruction

Answer 2

rebuilding

Question 3

amnesty

Answer 3

full pardon

Question 4

John Wilkes Booth

Answer 4

shot Abraham Lincoln as he and his wife watched a play at the Ford’s Theatre in Washington on April 14, 1865

Question 5

Andrew Johnson

Answer 5

Lincoln’s vice president who became the 17th president after his death; democrat, slaveholder, and former Tennessee senator; first president to be impeached

Question 6

Why was President Johnson impeached?

Answer 6

removed Secretary of War Edwin Stanton (an ally of the Radical Republicans) because of different political views on race

Question 7

Why was President Johnson lenient toward former Confederates?

Answer 7

• former slaveholder from Tennessee
• wanted the government to be controlled by rich white men

Question 8

Black Codes

Answer 8

African Americans couldn’t hold meetings without whites, travel without permits, own guns, attend schools with whites, serve on juries, or own a dog

Question 9

Frederick Douglass

Answer 9

embraced policies of Restoration and publicly supported voting rights for African Americans; led the way for African American rights

Question 10

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 10

aided millions of southerners left homeless and hungry by the war; distributed food and clothing, provided jobs, set up hospitals, and operated schools

Question 11

14th Amendment

Answer 11

required states to extend equal citizenship to African Americans and all people born/naturalized in the U.S.

Question 12

Tenure of Office Act

Answer 12

required Senate approval of a replacement before the president could remove an appointed official who had been confirmed by the Senate

Question 13

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 13

became the 18th president in 1868

Question 14

15th Amendment

Answer 14

the right of citizens of the U.S. to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the U.S. or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude

Question 15

What were northern Republicans called?

Answer 15

carpetbaggers

Question 16

What were white former Confederates who now supported Reconstruction called?

Answer 16

scalawags/scoundrels

Question 17

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 17

founded in 1866 to prevent African Americans from voting
- burned homes, schools, and churches and stole livestock

Question 18

Enforcement Acts

Answer 18

3 laws that empowered the federal government to combat terrorism with military force and to prosecute guilty individuals

Question 19

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Answer 19

prohibited businesses that served the public from discriminating against African Americans

Question 20

sharecropping

Answer 20

a system in which a farmer worked a parcel of land in return for a share of the crop, a cabin, seed, tools, and a mule
- drawbacks were debt and being tied to a 1 crop system of cotton

Question 21

crop-lien system

Answer 21

arrangement in which sharecroppers promised their crops to merchants in exchange for supplies on credit

Question 22

poll taxes

Answer 22

fixed taxes imposed on every voter

Question 23

literacy tests

Answer 23

tests that barred those who could not read from voting

Question 24

segregation

Answer 24

separation of people by category, usually race

Question 25

Jim Crow laws

Answer 25

laws that enforced segregation in the South

Question 26

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 26

Supreme Court ruling that established the “separate-but-equal” doctrine for public facilities

Question 27

Madame C.J. Walker

Answer 27

African American entrepreneur; one of the first women in the U.S. to become a millionaire

Question 28

Booker T. Washington

Answer 28

believed African Americans should concentrate on achieving economic independence and discouraged them from protesting against discrimination; founded the Tuskegee Institute

Question 29

Ida B. Wells

Answer 29

civil rights activist, journalist, and teacher; focused on stopping the lynching of African Americans

Question 30

What role did cotton play in the new South?

Answer 30

became the main crop