Chapter 7 Flashcards
old immigrants
immigrants who came to the U.S. before the 1880s, mostly Protestants from northwestern Europe
new immigrants
immigrants who came to the U.S. between the 1880s and 1910s, mostly from southern and eastern Europe
steerage
poor accommodations in a ship’s lower levels
Immigration Restriction League
organization formed in 1894 that sought to impose a literacy test on all U.S. immigrants
Chinese Exclusion Act
denied citizenship to people born in China and prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers
benevolent societies
organizations that helped immigrants in cases of sickness, unemployment, and death
How were immigrants who arrived between 1891 and 1910 different from earlier immigrants?
Catholic, Greek Orthodox, or Jewish
What purpose did centers on Ellis Island and Angel Island serve?
evaluated newcomers and deported those who couldn’t meet the standards
Ellis Island and Angel Island
served as immigration stations during the late 1800s
- Ellis Island is in New York Harbor
- Angel Island is in San Francisco Bay
skyscrapers
large, multistory buildings
Elisha Otis
developed a mechanized elevator
mass transit
public transportation systems (commuter trains/subways)
suburbs
residential neighborhoods on the outskirts of a city
conspicuous consumption
spending money just to display one’s wealth
tenements
poorly built apartment buildings
settlement houses
community service centers
Janie Porter Barrett
founded one of the first African American settlement houses
Social Gospel
called for people to apply Christian principles to address social problems
Caroline Bartlett
organized People’s Church in Kalamazoo; established a free public kindergarten, gym, skill classes, sponsored creative activities, and a meals program for workers
Why did the physical landscape of US cities change in the late 1800s?
- skyscrapers
- transportation made easier
In what ways did new technological developments affect daily life?
growth of suburbs
compulsory education laws
laws requiring parents to send children to school
Frederick Law Olmsted
designed Central Park in NYC
City Beautiful movement
stressed the importance of including public parks and attractive boulevards in the designs of cities
