Chapter 17 Flashcards
totalitarian state
a country where the government has complete control
isolationism
withdrawal from world affairs
disarmament
reducing the size of a country’s military
anti-semitism
hatred of Jews
appeasement
giving in to demands in an attempt to avoid a larger conflict
Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, Japan
Allied Powers
United States, Britain, France, Poland
Winston Churchill
became Prime Minister of Britain and helped defeat Hitler; feared appeasement
Benito Mussolini
leader of Italy that started the fascist movement
Adolf Hitler
leader of Nazi party in Germany; joined a radical political organization and planned to overthrow the German government in 1923
How did economic problems contribute to political unrest after WWI?
- weakened efforts to maintain peace
- led to the rise of totalitarian leaders
How did the fascist dictatorships in Europe restrict civil liberties?
- limited free speech
- limited voting
- banned strikes
- persecuted religious and ethnic groups
In what ways did the Treaty of Versailles and the Great Depression contribute to WWII?
Hitler felt that the war reparations were unfair
How did the attack on Pearl Harbor change Americans’ commitment to fight in WWII?
shock and unity
What was the largest U.S. company in Latin America?
United Fruit Company
Who was the U.S. secretary who proposed a 10 year naval holiday?
Charles Evan Hughes
List 4 foreign policies the U.S. followed after WWI.
- disarmament
- diplomacy
- isolationism
- joined League of Nations
How did WWI affect the role of the federal government?
increased in size and authority
How much money was owed to the U.S. by the allies?
$10 billion
Who tried to negotiate the end of civil war in Nicaragua?
Henry Stimson
List two reasons for the Washington Conference.
- naval disarmament
- Pacific security
What was Mussolini’s army called?
blackshirts
What color shirts did Hitler’s Nazi party wear?
brownshirts
What was Hitler’s government called?
Third Reich
Why did Italy become a fascist state?
- high unemployment rate
- leadership of Mussolini
- opposition to socialism and communism
Who became the Communist party leader in Russia and what was his army called?
Joseph Stalin; Red Army
What laws deprived Jews of citizenship and destroyed their property?
Nuremberg Laws
Platt Amendment
gave the U.S. the right to intervene in Cuban affairs; canceled in 1936 by President Roosevelt
Why did the U.S. intervene in Nicaraguan politics throughout the 1920s and into the 1930s?
protect economic interest
In what ways was Soviet leader Joseph Stalin a dictator?
- took control of privately-owned land
- used the Red Army to crush opposition
Who did Hitler blame for Germany’s decline?
- Jews
- communists
- intellectuals
What were the early events of WWII?
- Germany and Italy formed an alliance (Axis Powers)
- Stalin signed a non-aggressive pact with Hitler
- Germany blitzkrieged Poland
How did the U.S. respond to fascism?
remained neutral
Why did Japanese leaders respond to conflicts with the U.S. by bombing Pearl Harbor?
to prevent the U.S. from interfering with expansion in Asia
What officially started WWII?
Hitler’s army invaded Poland
Pearl Harbor
- December 7, 1941
- 2,400 Americans died (including 1,103 sailors on the USS Arizona)
- 20 US warships and 200 aircrafts destroyed
What act allowed for 7 billion to be driven and distributed in planes, ships, and supplies to the allies?
Lend-Lease Act
What events led to U.S. involvement in WWII?
- Germany’s aggression
- Germany invaded Poland and France
- Pearl Harbor
What leadership qualities did Roosevelt exhibit as he responded to events in Europe?
- tried compromise and isolation
- remained neutral
Who led the Washington Conference?
Charles Evan Hughes
How did the U.S. role as a creditor nation affect its foreign policy after WWI?
countries owed the U.S. money and the U.S. didn’t want to go deeper into debt
How did war debts and reparations lead to economic crisis in Germany and other European countries?
- allies couldn’t repay their debts
- Germany couldn’t pay reparations and had high inflation and depression
