Chapter 2 Flashcards
Judiciary Act of 1789
established a Supreme Court and federal district courts
Bill of Rights
10 amendments that guarantee specific rights
What 3 departments were created to assist the president?
- State Department (foreign affairs)
- War Department (military affairs)
- Treasury Department (oversaw nation’s finance)
Alexander Hamilton
Treasury secretary; Washington’s most trusted adviser; asked Congress to create a national bank for economic stability
The national and state debt after the Revolution was $_________.
77 million
How did the actions of the first president and Congress strengthen the new nation?
- Bill of Rights
- Supreme Court
- Judiciary Act of 1789
- national bank
How did the US government respond to the challenges it faced in the late 1790s?
- Whiskey Act
- war reparations
- set up a national bank
- Bill of Rights
- made treaties
- built a military
Federalist party
supported a strong national government; led by John Adams and Alexander Hamilton
Democratic-Republican party
wanted to protect states’ rights by limiting the power of the national government; led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
Alien and Sedition Acts
- authorized the president to imprison or deport foreigners who posed a threat to the nation
- targeted citizens who printed, said, or wrote anything false or malicious about the government
Louisiana Purchase
U.S. purchase of French land between the MS River and the Rocky Mountains; Napoleon’s representative sold the land to US Representative James Monroe for $15 million
first five presidents
1) George Washington
2) John Adams
3) Thomas Jefferson
4) James Madison
5) James Monroe
judicial review
the power of the courts to review acts of Congress and the laws passed by the states (Marbury v. Madison)
What was the international significance of the Louisiana purchase?
- doubled the nation in size
- helped strengthen the nation
nationalism
national pride
Monroe Doctrine
President Monroe vowed to oppose European attempts for expansion (1823)
Robert Fulton
invented the steamboat in 1807
Missouri Compromise
admitted Missouri as a slave state and banned slavery in the Louisiana Purchase territory
Indian Removal Act (1830)
required Native Americans living in the eastern US to relocate to Oklahoma; led to the Trail of Tears which killed 4,000 Cherokee
What foreign and domestic issues did the U.S. face in the early 1800s?
- slavery
- Native American conflicts
- European expansion
Eli Whitney
invented the cotton gin
Who was the most famous and successful conductor of the Underground Railroad?
Harriet Tubman
The religious movement of the 1790s was ______________.
The Second Great Awakening
Dorothea Dix
started a movement to help the mentally ill; established over 100 hospitals
Susan B. Anthony
campaigned for property rights for women in New York
How did nationalism affect the development of the US foreign policy and economy?
- Monroe Doctrine
- westward expansion
What were the reform movements of the early to mid-1800s?
- labor
- education
- mental health
- women’s rights
- anti-slavery
manifest destiny
expressed the belief that God intended the US to expand westward to the Pacific Ocean; coined in 1845 by editor John L. O’Sullivan
Dred Scott Decision
Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott was not a citizen and couldn’t bring suit to US courts or be freed
Abraham Lincoln
won the election of 1860
Compromise of 1850
presented by Henry Clay; admitted California as a free state, divided the New Mexico Territory into two, abolished the slave trade in the District of Columbia, and introduced the Fugitive Slave Act
Why did the southern states secede?
believed Lincoln’s presidency would result in slavery being abolished
What were the causes of the Texas Revolution and Mexican War?
conflict over rights to Texas
In what ways did Henry Clay’s American Plan help economic development?
- taxes on goods
- helped with transportation
What impact did Supreme Court decisions have on life in the U.S?
- judicial review and Marbury v. Madison
- preserved the constitution
How did the reform movements of the 1800s change American society?
- reduced workdays
- more schools were established
- reduced alcohol consumption
- better care for the mentally ill
How important are the protections in the Bill of Rights to a democratic society?
protects the rights of individual citizens
How did European colonization and the policies of the U.S. government affect American Indians?
forced them off their lands (Trail of Tears)
What events led to the secession of the southern states?
- popular sovereignty
- Compromise of 1850
- Kansas-Nebraska Act
- Election of Abraham Lincoln
Harriet Beecher Stowe
wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin
19th Amendment
gave women the right to vote
Kansas-Nebraska Act
law that created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and allowed voters there to choose whether to allow slavery; introduced by Stephen Douglas
popular sovereignty
practice of allowing voters to decide whether to permit slavery in their area
