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Evolution > Exam 1 PPTs - 2 > Flashcards

Exam 1 PPTs - 2 Flashcards

1
Q
  • inheritance is caused by …, which are physically passed from parent to offspring
  • DNA is carried in different ways in prokaryotic and in eukaryotic cells –> prokaryotic cells have …, in eukaryotic cells the DNA is structured in ….
A

DNA molecules;
no nucleus;
chromosomes

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2
Q

… may vary from species to species
humans have … chromosomes
fruit flies have …
mice have …

A

chromosome number;
46;
8;
40

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3
Q

chromosomes contain …

A

genes

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4
Q

… and … also have DNA

A

mitochondria;

chloroplasts;

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5
Q

mitochondria is inherited …

A

maternally

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6
Q

DNA structurally encodes information used to build the body’s …
- a crude but workable way to describe protein biology is to say that bodies are built from proteins and are regulated, maintained and defended by …

A

proteins;

proteins

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7
Q
  • skin is mainly made of a protein called …
  • oxygen is carried in RBCs by a protein called …
  • eyes are sensitive to light as a result of pigment proteins such as …
A

keratin;
hemoglobin;
rhodopsin

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8
Q
  • metabolic processes are catalyzed by a whole battery of proteins called …
  • … defend the body from parasites
A

enzymes;

immunoglobulins

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9
Q

Proteins are made up of particular sequences of …
Hemoglobin: … molecules -> 141 aa long in humans; … -> 144 aa long
HB … in the blood

A

amino acids;
alpha-globins;
beta-globins;
binds oxygen

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10
Q

Proteins are made up of particular sequences of aa:

  • insulin -> 51 aa; stimulates cells to … from the blood
  • the different behavior of hb and insulin is caused by the … of their different aa, arranged in their characteristic sequence
A

absorb glucose;

chemical properties

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11
Q

Proteins are made up of particular sequences of aa:

  • the particular sequence of any one protein can … within and between species
  • turkey hb differs from human hb, though it binds oxygen in both species
  • there are also different variants of hb within a species, a condition called protein …
A

vary;

polymorphism

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12
Q

Proteins are made up of particular sequences of aa:

- polymorphism is when there are two or more …

A

possibilities of a trait on a gene

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13
Q

Genetic code:
… code
instructions for a …
there are … aa and … possible triplets of nucleotides

A

triplet;
polypeptide;
20; 64

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14
Q

The idea that one gene codes for one protein is a …
Hb is associated from … genes
one gene can encode for …

A

simplification;
4;
more than one protein

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15
Q

Large amounts of … DNA exist in some species:

  • the human genome is about … bases long (single strand)
  • only about …% of the human genome codes for genes
  • salamander genomes are … larger than the human genome, they have more … DNA
A 
non-coding; 
3 giga; 
5; 
about 20x; 
non-coding
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16
Q

… errors may occur during DNA replication

A

mutational

17
Q

mutational errors may occur during DNA replication:

  • …
  • …, changes aa
  • …, changes aa
  • …
  • …
A 
synonymous 
transition; 
transversion; 
frameshift; 
stop
18
Q

… of mutation can be measured

A

rates

19
Q

diploid organisms inherit a … set of genes:

  • an adult individual has … sets of chromosomes
  • its gametes (eggs in the female, sperm or pollen in the male) have …
A

double;
two;
only one set

20
Q

diploid organisms inherit a double set of genes:

  • gametes are said to be …
  • …: the double set of chromosomes is reduced to result in a gamete with …
A

haploid;
meiosis;
only one set

21
Q

Diploid organisms inherit a double set of genes:

  • diploid: possesses a … of each of its genes, one comes from its father and the other from its mother. … copies of a gene per locus -> …
  • …: a particular place on a chromosome
A

double set;
two;
2N;
genetic locus

22
Q

Diploid organisms inherit a double set of genes:

  • each copy is an …
  • the two copies represent the … of a locus
  • …: the alleles are the same
  • …: the two alleles are different
A

allele;
genotype;
homozygote;
heterozygote

23
Q

genes are inherited in characteristic …

… of alleles in different chromosomes

A

Mendelian ratios;

segregation

24
Q

Look at ppt to see math for different types of segregation of alleles:

A

with linkage, with free recombination, etc

25
Q

Darwin’s theory would probably not work if there was a … mechanism of heredity

A

non-Mendelian blending

Evolution (27 decks)

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