Essay Soul , Mind And Body Flashcards
What are you arguing for substance dualism ?
FOR
What scholars will you use in substance dualism ?
Ryle
Dennett
Descartes
What is your first point for substance dualism ?
They have different characteristics and one can be split up into parts
What is Leibniz law ?
If object a and object b don’t share a similar chacteristcs then they are different
What is the quote for substance e dualism ?
“The body is by its very nature always divisible while the mind is utterly indivisible””
What is the counter argument for para 1 on substance dualism ?
Gilbert Ryle - category error
Cambridge uni example
Descartes assumes sentences about causes , feelings and sensation must be hysical or mental they cannot be both
How will you counteract the counter argument in apara 1 substance dualism ?
The ind directs the body so if you talk about them as separate tings then it is more coherent to nderstna dpersonhood
What is the point for para 2 on substance dualism ?
Cogito - “ i think therefore i am”
Certain that he has a mind and is thinking - further proves that the mind is non-physical
What is the counter argument for para 2 on substance dualism ?
Many may doubt the cogito
No evidence to say that descartes has a body
Daniel dennett - Cartesian theatre is incorrect - believes the soul does not control everything
How do you counteract the counter argument in para 2 of substance dualism ?
If people doubt the cogito this proves that they are thinking
Also dented also does not provide any evidence
What is property dualism ?
Accepts there is only one substance however there are still two types of properties - mental and physical
Mental properties cannot be reduced to a place in the brain even thogh the brain causes them
In plato v Aristotle who wil you be arguing for ?
Aristotle
What is th point in para 1 plato v Aristotle ?
Aristotle believes that no sol can be present without th body
Wax and seal example
What is the quote for para 1 plato v Aristotle ?
“T indubitably follows that the soul is inseparable from the body
What is the counter argument for para 1 in plato v Aristotle ?
Plato says the soul sees th realm of the forms before being reincarnated into the body
We can recognise things as similar
How can you counter act th counter argument in para 1 plato v Aristotle ?
Forms can e very confusing and if for example we have forms of goodness this can be subjective
Perfect thing cold depend on culture or upbringing
Also peter breach - how can the forms see things if seeing is a physical process
What is the point in para 2 plato v Aristotle ?
Aristotle described the soul as the formal cause of the body
Body is the material cause
Formal - something which describes the shape of th materials which have been put together
Soul is description Of the properties of the body and what makes it work
Example - if the body were an eye the soul would be the ability to see (Aristotle used sense experience and observation to come up with his theory )
What is the counter argument in para 2 plato v Aristotle ?
Plato believes that if light and dark are opposites then the body and soul must be opposites (one is physical and one is immaterial)
Plato’s argument is more comforting as it provides people with hope that you will be rewarded for living a virtuous and good life
How can you counteract the counter argument in para 2 in plato v Aristotle ?
No scientific evidence or empirical evidence
Aristotle used sense experience and observation
What s your argument for materialism ?
Against materialism
What scholars will be used in materialism ?
Dawkins
Anscombe
Dennett
What is the point for para 1 in materialism ?
Behaviourism
Daniel dennett disputed the theory
Believed skinner oversimplified human consciousness
Human thinking more complex than skinners “basic theory “ as said in “skinner skinned”1978
How can we be responsible for our actins
What is the counter argument in para 1 materialism ?
Scientific evidence
Pavlovs dog
How can you counteract the cointerargument in para 1 materialism ?
Pavlovs dog based off of animal research and not human
What is the point in para 2 materialism ?
Elizabeth Anscombe - phenomenon of pointing
What are the intentions behind our actions
What is the counter argument for para 2 materialism ?
Richard Dawkins
Soul is a mythological concept
Used to provide an explanation to the unanswered question of consciousness
Soul 1 and 2
What is the quote which can be used to counteract para 2 materialism ?
“My thoughts , my believes , my feelings are all in my brain.my brain is going to rot”
How can you counteract the counter argument in para 2 materialsim ?
Dawkins only assuming his claims will be proved by scientists
