Essay Soul , Mind And Body

Question 1

What are you arguing for substance dualism ?

Answer 1

FOR

Question 2

What scholars will you use in substance dualism ?

Answer 2

Ryle
Dennett
Descartes

Question 3

What is your first point for substance dualism ?

Answer 3

They have different characteristics and one can be split up into parts

Question 4

What is Leibniz law ?

Answer 4

If object a and object b don’t share a similar chacteristcs then they are different

Question 5

What is the quote for substance e dualism ?

Answer 5

“The body is by its very nature always divisible while the mind is utterly indivisible””

Question 6

What is the counter argument for para 1 on substance dualism ?

Answer 6

Gilbert Ryle - category error
Cambridge uni example
Descartes assumes sentences about causes , feelings and sensation must be hysical or mental they cannot be both

Question 7

How will you counteract the counter argument in apara 1 substance dualism ?

Answer 7

The ind directs the body so if you talk about them as separate tings then it is more coherent to nderstna dpersonhood

Question 8

What is the point for para 2 on substance dualism ?

Answer 8

Cogito - “ i think therefore i am”
Certain that he has a mind and is thinking - further proves that the mind is non-physical

Question 9

What is the counter argument for para 2 on substance dualism ?

Answer 9

Many may doubt the cogito
No evidence to say that descartes has a body
Daniel dennett - Cartesian theatre is incorrect - believes the soul does not control everything

Question 10

How do you counteract the counter argument in para 2 of substance dualism ?

Answer 10

If people doubt the cogito this proves that they are thinking
Also dented also does not provide any evidence

Question 11

What is property dualism ?

Answer 11

Accepts there is only one substance however there are still two types of properties - mental and physical
Mental properties cannot be reduced to a place in the brain even thogh the brain causes them

Question 12

In plato v Aristotle who wil you be arguing for ?

Answer 12

Aristotle

Question 13

What is th point in para 1 plato v Aristotle ?

Answer 13

Aristotle believes that no sol can be present without th body
Wax and seal example

Question 14

What is the quote for para 1 plato v Aristotle ?

Answer 14

“T indubitably follows that the soul is inseparable from the body

Question 15

What is the counter argument for para 1 in plato v Aristotle ?

Answer 15

Plato says the soul sees th realm of the forms before being reincarnated into the body
We can recognise things as similar

Question 16

How can you counter act th counter argument in para 1 plato v Aristotle ?

Answer 16

Forms can e very confusing and if for example we have forms of goodness this can be subjective
Perfect thing cold depend on culture or upbringing
Also peter breach - how can the forms see things if seeing is a physical process

Question 17

What is the point in para 2 plato v Aristotle ?

Answer 17

Aristotle described the soul as the formal cause of the body
Body is the material cause
Formal - something which describes the shape of th materials which have been put together
Soul is description Of the properties of the body and what makes it work

Example - if the body were an eye the soul would be the ability to see (Aristotle used sense experience and observation to come up with his theory )

Question 18

What is the counter argument in para 2 plato v Aristotle ?

Answer 18

Plato believes that if light and dark are opposites then the body and soul must be opposites (one is physical and one is immaterial)
Plato’s argument is more comforting as it provides people with hope that you will be rewarded for living a virtuous and good life

Question 19

How can you counteract the counter argument in para 2 in plato v Aristotle ?

Answer 19

No scientific evidence or empirical evidence
Aristotle used sense experience and observation

Question 20

What s your argument for materialism ?

Answer 20

Against materialism

Question 21

What scholars will be used in materialism ?

Answer 21

Dawkins
Anscombe
Dennett

Question 22

What is the point for para 1 in materialism ?

Answer 22

Behaviourism
Daniel dennett disputed the theory
Believed skinner oversimplified human consciousness
Human thinking more complex than skinners “basic theory “ as said in “skinner skinned”1978

How can we be responsible for our actins

Question 23

What is the counter argument in para 1 materialism ?

Answer 23

Scientific evidence
Pavlovs dog

Question 24

How can you counteract the cointerargument in para 1 materialism ?

Answer 24

Pavlovs dog based off of animal research and not human

Question 25

What is the point in para 2 materialism ?

Answer 25

Elizabeth Anscombe - phenomenon of pointing
What are the intentions behind our actions

Question 26

What is the counter argument for para 2 materialism ?

Answer 26

Richard Dawkins
Soul is a mythological concept
Used to provide an explanation to the unanswered question of consciousness
Soul 1 and 2

Question 27

What is the quote which can be used to counteract para 2 materialism ?

Answer 27

“My thoughts , my believes , my feelings are all in my brain.my brain is going to rot”

Question 28

How can you counteract the counter argument in para 2 materialsim ?

Answer 28

Dawkins only assuming his claims will be proved by scientists