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Systems 2nd Year: Endocrine > Endocrine Physiology 3 > Flashcards

Endocrine Physiology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which immunoglobulin affects growth

A

IgF-1

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2
Q

Growth Hormone becomes significant from?

A

10 Months

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3
Q

What produces spikes in GH secretion

A

Androgens and Oestrogens

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4
Q

What terminates growth

A

Androgens and Oestrogens causing epiphysis of long bones to fuse

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5
Q

Growth Hormone is what type of hormone

A

Peptide released from Ant Pituitary aka Somatotropin

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6
Q

Growth hormone requires what kind of action of thyroid hormones and insulin before stimulations growth

A

Permissive

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7
Q

Growth Hormone acts on what type of receptor

A

Tyrosine Kinase Receptors

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8
Q

What is mediated indirectly by IgF-I in growth

A

growth of long bones

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9
Q

IgF-1 is also known as

A

Somatomedian C

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10
Q

What mediates action of GH

A

Somatomedin c aka IGF-1

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11
Q

IGF-I is secreted by

A

Liver

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12
Q

IGF-I exhibits neg feedback on GH release

A

via inhibiting GHRH and stimulating GHIH (somatostatin).

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13
Q

Hyperglycaemic properties of GH dominate the what action of IGF-I

A

hypoglycaemic action of IGF-I

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14
Q

What is the site of bone growth

A

epiphyseal plate

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15
Q

Growth hormone does what to gluconeogenesis by liver

A

Increases

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16
Q

Growth does what to adipocytes

A

more sensitive to lipolytic stimuli.

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17
Q

What does GH to blood glucose

A

increases

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18
Q

What does GH do to amino acid uptake and protein synthesis

A

Increases amino acid uptake and protein synthesis in almost all cells = anabolic effect

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19
Q

What does cortisol do to protein catabolism

A

stimulates

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20
Q

Growth hormone does what to glucose stores

A

Mobilises them to increase BG

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21
Q

GH does what to insulin

A

inhibits action of insulin

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22
Q

Where is GH present

A

Pituitary Glands

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23
Q

Highest rate of GH Secretion

A

teenage years during first 2 hours of sleep (deep delta sleep) 20x in children

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24
Q

What 5 factors increase GHRH Secretion

A 
Action or Potential decrease in energy supply to cells
Increased Amino Acids in Plasma
Stress and Illness
Delta Sleep
Oestrogen and Tesoterstone
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25
Q

What happens in Exercise and Cold to Growth Hormone

A

Increased Demand

26
Q

Growth Hormones does what to amino acid transport

A

Promote

27
Q

Oestrogen and Testosterone do what to IGF Mediated Neg Feedback

A

Decrease

28
Q

Stimuli that increase GHIH

A
  1. Glucose
  2. FFA
  3. Ageing
  4. Cortisol
29
Q

How does Giantism happen?

A

Excess GH due to Pit Tumour before Epiphyseal Plates of Long bones Close

30
Q

How does Acromegaly happen

A

Excess GH due to pit tumour after epiphyseal plates seal.

No longitudinal growth/no increase in height

31
Q

Growth Hormone needs what inhibited to help growth

A

Igf-1 Inhibition

32
Q

Thyroid Hormone synthesises which hormones

A

T3 Triiodothyronine

T4 Thyroxine

33
Q

Thyroid Hormones which cell types

A

Clear Cells

Follicular Cells

34
Q

Which cells secrete calcitonin

A

Clear Cells in Thyroid Gland which regulate Ca2+

35
Q

Thyroglobulin is rich in

A

Tyrosine Residues

36
Q

Thyroglobulin and Enzymes are secreted from follicular cells into

A

Colloid

37
Q

What hormones related to thyroid are derived from diet

A

Tyrosine

Iodide

38
Q

How does Iodide enter follicular cells

A

From Plasma via Na+/I Transporter (Symport) then transported into colloid via pendrin transporter

39
Q

Addition of one iodine to tyrosine makes

A

Monoiodotyrosine

40
Q

Addition of second iodine to tyrosine makes

A

Diiodotyrosine

41
Q

Monoiodotyrosine + Diiodotyrosine makes

A

T3

42
Q

Diiodotyrosine and Diiodotyrosine makes

A

Tetraiodothyronine or T4

43
Q

Thyroid Hormone synthesis is catalysed by

A

Thyroid Peroxidase

44
Q

T3 and T4 in lipids are

A

soluble and circulate in plasma

45
Q

When not stimulated thyroid hormones stored in

A

colloid

46
Q

What percentage of T3 and T4 circulates in plasma bound to plasma protein

A

99.8%

47
Q

Thyroxine Binding Globulin has what kind of affinity for T4

A

high with long half life

48
Q

T4 half life in plasma

A

6 days

49
Q

T3 half life in plasma

A

1 day

50
Q

0.2% of total plasma TH is

A

physiologically active and exerts inhibitor affect on TSH and TRH

51
Q

Most TH circulates in form of protein bound

A

T4

52
Q

50x more total free bound T4 in plasma than

A

T3

53
Q

90% of TH binding to TH receptors inside cells is

A

T3 due to higher affinity making it more physiologically active

54
Q

Somatostatin does what to TSH

A

Inhibits

55
Q

Glucocorticoid does what to TSH

A

inhibits TSH and converts T4 to T3

56
Q

T4 is converted to

A

T3 in target tissue

57
Q

Thyroid hormone does what to metabolic rate

A

Raises

58
Q

Thyroid hormone does what to hepatic gluconeogenesis

A

increase

59
Q

Thyroid hormone does what to proteolysis and lipolysis

A

net increase

60
Q

TH is what to epinephrine, b receptors

A

Permissive

Systems 2nd Year: Endocrine (52 decks)

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