Autoimmunity Flashcards
What is autoimmunity
an immune response against self antigen
autoimmune disease occurs when
tolerance breaks down
what is immunologic tolerance
unresponsiveness to an antigen that is induced by previous exposure to that antigen.
When lymphocytes encounter antigen how does tolerance happen
they become inactivated or eliminated
Failure of self tolerance results in
immune reaction against self (autologous) antigens
what plays an important role in eliminating T cells
thymus with high affinity to self antigens
what is important in B cell tolerance
bone marrow
mature lymphocytes that recognise self antigens in peripheral tissues become what?
incapable of activation by re-exposure or die by apoptosis
What is an important mechanism for induction of peripheral tolerance
antigen recognition without co stimulation or second signals
peripheral immune tolerance is tainted by
regulatory T cells that actively suppress activation of lymphocytes specific for self and others
What are the 3 mechanisms of peripheral tolerance
Anergy (Functional Unresponsiveness)
Treg Suppression
Deletion (Cell Death)
Peak Onset of Autoimmune Diseases
15-65 exception Type 1 Diabetes
Which autoimmune disease is not more common in women
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Name 4 Endocrine Autoimmune Diseases
Hyperthyrodism
Hypothyrodism
Hyperglycaemia
Hypoglycaemia
What is the receptor for Myasthenia Graves
Acetylcholine Receptor
What HLA is related to Ankylosing Spondylitis and Reiter Disease
B27
What HLA is related to Myasthenia Graves and Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Addison Disease
DR3
What HLA is related to Insulin dependent diabetes
DR4
Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes eventually lead to
Organ Failure
Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Candididiasis Ectodermal Dystrophy is what type of condition (3)
Rare
Autosomal recessive
Caused by Mutations in Autoimmune Regulator Gene (AIRE)
Clinical Features of Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Candididiasis Ectodermal Dystorphy 1? (6)
Chronic Mucocutaneous Cnadididas Hypoparathyrodism Primary Adrenal Insufficiency (Addisons) Enamel Hypoplasia Enteropathy Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 2 is more common than APS-1 however what features do they present with (8)
Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmune Thyroid Disease Addisons Disease Women Celiac Alopecia Vitiligo Perncious Anaemia
