Autoimmunity

Question 1

What is autoimmunity

Answer 1

an immune response against self antigen

Question 2

autoimmune disease occurs when

Answer 2

tolerance breaks down

Question 3

what is immunologic tolerance

Answer 3

unresponsiveness to an antigen that is induced by previous exposure to that antigen.

Question 4

When lymphocytes encounter antigen how does tolerance happen

Answer 4

they become inactivated or eliminated

Question 5

Failure of self tolerance results in

Answer 5

immune reaction against self (autologous) antigens

Question 6

what plays an important role in eliminating T cells

Answer 6

thymus with high affinity to self antigens

Question 7

what is important in B cell tolerance

Answer 7

bone marrow

Question 8

mature lymphocytes that recognise self antigens in peripheral tissues become what?

Answer 8

incapable of activation by re-exposure or die by apoptosis

Question 9

What is an important mechanism for induction of peripheral tolerance

Answer 9

antigen recognition without co stimulation or second signals

Question 10

peripheral immune tolerance is tainted by

Answer 10

regulatory T cells that actively suppress activation of lymphocytes specific for self and others

Question 11

What are the 3 mechanisms of peripheral tolerance

Answer 11

Anergy (Functional Unresponsiveness)
Treg Suppression
Deletion (Cell Death)

Question 12

Peak Onset of Autoimmune Diseases

Answer 12

15-65 exception Type 1 Diabetes

Question 13

Which autoimmune disease is not more common in women

Answer 13

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Question 14

Name 4 Endocrine Autoimmune Diseases

Answer 14

Hyperthyrodism
Hypothyrodism
Hyperglycaemia
Hypoglycaemia

Question 15

What is the receptor for Myasthenia Graves

Answer 15

Acetylcholine Receptor

Question 16

What HLA is related to Ankylosing Spondylitis and Reiter Disease

Answer 16

B27

Question 17

What HLA is related to Myasthenia Graves and Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Addison Disease

Answer 17

DR3

Question 18

What HLA is related to Insulin dependent diabetes

Answer 18

DR4

Question 19

Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes eventually lead to

Answer 19

Organ Failure

Question 20

Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Candididiasis Ectodermal Dystrophy is what type of condition (3)

Answer 20

Rare
Autosomal recessive
Caused by Mutations in Autoimmune Regulator Gene (AIRE)

Question 21

Clinical Features of Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Candididiasis Ectodermal Dystorphy 1? (6)

Answer 21

Chronic Mucocutaneous Cnadididas 
Hypoparathyrodism
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency (Addisons)
Enamel Hypoplasia
Enteropathy
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency

Question 22

Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 2 is more common than APS-1 however what features do they present with (8)

Answer 22

Type 1 Diabetes
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
Addisons Disease
Women
Celiac
Alopecia
Vitiligo
Perncious Anaemia