Endocrine (FINAL) Flashcards
1
Q
Growth Hormone (GH)
A
- Source: Anterior pituitary
- Target: Bones & muscles
- Type: NSP
- Action: makes you grow
2
Q
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
A
- Source: Anterior pituitary
- Target: Thyroid
- Type: NSP
- Action: Increases activity of thyroid (stimulates the thyroid)
3
Q
Adreno-corticotropic (ACTH)
A
- Source: Anterior pituitary
- Target: Adrenal cortex
- Type: NSP
- Action: Increases the activity of the adrenal gland
4
Q
Prolactin (PRL)
A
- Source: Anterior pituitary
- Target: Mammary glands
- Type: NSP
- Action: Increases milk production/ lactation
5
Q
Luteinizing (LH)
A
- Source: Anterior pituitary
- Target: Gonads (ovaries, testes)
- Type: NSP
- Action: Increases activity in gonads = increases ovulation
6
Q
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
A
- Source: Anterior pituitary
- Target: Gonads
- Type: NSP
- Action: Increases activity in gonads = increases egg & increases sperm
7
Q
Anti-Diuretic (ADH)
A
- Source: Hypothalamus
- Target: Kidneys
- Type: NSP
- Action: “stop peeing” = retain H2O
8
Q
Oxytocin (OT)
A
- Source: Hypothalamus
- Target: Mammary glands & uterus
- Type: NSP
- Action: Increases contractions
9
Q
Thyroid (T3 & T4)
A
Source: Thyroid
Target: All over
Type: NSA
Action: Increases metabolism = increases ATP use (body metabolism)
10
Q
Calcitonin
A
- Source: Thyroid
- Target: Osteoblasts
- Type: NSP
- Action: Makes bones
- Increase bone = decrease in blood calcium
11
Q
Parathyroid (PTH)
A
- Source: Parathyroid
- Target: Osteoclasts
- Type: NSP
- Action: Breaks bones
- Decrease in bones = increase in blood calcium
12
Q
Mineral corticoids = “aldosterone”
A
- Source: Adrenal cortex
- Target: Kidney
- Type: Steroids
- Action: Salt retension in the blood
- Increase in Na = decrease in K
13
Q
Gluco-corticoids = “cortisone”
A
- Source: Adrenal cortex
- Target: All over
- Type: Steroid
- Action: Increases blood glucose when under stress (sympathetic NS)
14
Q
Sex hormones = “testosterone” & “progresterone”
A
- Source: Adrenal cortex & gonads
- Target: All over
- Type: Steroid
- Action: Makes you sexy
- Primary & secondary sex characteristics
15
Q
Epinephrine/nonepinephrine = “adrenaline”
A
- Source: Adrenal medulla
- Target: All over
- Type: NSA
- Action: “Fight or flight”
- Sympathetic response
16
Q
Insulin
A
- Source: Pancreas (beta cells)
- Target: All over & especially the liver
- Type: NSP
- Action: Lowers blood sugar (glucose) = increases sugar (glucose) use
17
Q
Glucagon
A
- Source: Pancreas (alpha cells)
- Target: All over & especially the liver
- Type: NSP
- Action: Increase blood sugar (glucose) = decreases sugar (glucose) use
18
Q
Melantonin
A
- Source: Pineal gland
- Target: Brain
- Type: NSA
- Action: Circadian rhythms
19
Q
Atrial Naturetic Peptide (ANP)
A
- Source: Heart
- Target: Kindey
- Type: NSP
- Action: decrease Na = increase K in the blood
20
Q
Erythropoietin (EPO)
A
- Source: Liver & kidneys
- Target: Bone marrow
- Type: NSP
- Action: Increases red blood cells (RBCs)
21
Q
Thymosin
A
- Source: Thymus
- Target: Bone marrow
- Type: NSP
- Action: Increase T cell function
22
Q
Which hormones are steroidal?
A
- Aldosterone
- Cortisone
- Testerone
23
Q
Which hormones have a direct antagonist?
A
- Calcitonin + PTH
- Insulin + Glucagon
- ANP + Aldosterone
24
Q
What are tropic hormones?
A
Tropic hormones goes from one endocrine gland to another endocrine gland & are all made by the anterior pituitary gland
25
Where do tropic hormones come from?
The anterior pituitary gland
26
What are the tropic hormones?
1. TSH
2. ACTH
3. LH
4. FSH
27
What are releasing hormones (RH)?
Releasing hormones (RH) cause the release or activation of tropic hormones
28
Examples of releasing hormones (RH)?
1. TRH = activates TSH
2. CRN = activates ACTH
3. GnRH (gonads) = acitvates LH & FSH
29
What does it mean when a disorder is classified as primary (1o)?
* The _organ_ does not work
* "The _worker_ is NOT working"
30
What does it mean when a disorder is classified as secondary (20)?
* "_Managment_ is NOT working"
* The _wrong orders_ are given to the organ
