Endocrine (FINAL) Flashcards
Growth Hormone (GH)
- Source: Anterior pituitary
- Target: Bones & muscles
- Type: NSP
- Action: makes you grow
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
- Source: Anterior pituitary
- Target: Thyroid
- Type: NSP
- Action: Increases activity of thyroid (stimulates the thyroid)
Adreno-corticotropic (ACTH)
- Source: Anterior pituitary
- Target: Adrenal cortex
- Type: NSP
- Action: Increases the activity of the adrenal gland
Prolactin (PRL)
- Source: Anterior pituitary
- Target: Mammary glands
- Type: NSP
- Action: Increases milk production/ lactation
Luteinizing (LH)
- Source: Anterior pituitary
- Target: Gonads (ovaries, testes)
- Type: NSP
- Action: Increases activity in gonads = increases ovulation
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- Source: Anterior pituitary
- Target: Gonads
- Type: NSP
- Action: Increases activity in gonads = increases egg & increases sperm
Anti-Diuretic (ADH)
- Source: Hypothalamus
- Target: Kidneys
- Type: NSP
- Action: “stop peeing” = retain H2O
Oxytocin (OT)
- Source: Hypothalamus
- Target: Mammary glands & uterus
- Type: NSP
- Action: Increases contractions
Thyroid (T3 & T4)
Source: Thyroid
Target: All over
Type: NSA
Action: Increases metabolism = increases ATP use (body metabolism)
Calcitonin
- Source: Thyroid
- Target: Osteoblasts
- Type: NSP
- Action: Makes bones
- Increase bone = decrease in blood calcium
Parathyroid (PTH)
- Source: Parathyroid
- Target: Osteoclasts
- Type: NSP
- Action: Breaks bones
- Decrease in bones = increase in blood calcium
Mineral corticoids = “aldosterone”
- Source: Adrenal cortex
- Target: Kidney
- Type: Steroids
- Action: Salt retension in the blood
- Increase in Na = decrease in K
Gluco-corticoids = “cortisone”
- Source: Adrenal cortex
- Target: All over
- Type: Steroid
- Action: Increases blood glucose when under stress (sympathetic NS)
Sex hormones = “testosterone” & “progresterone”
- Source: Adrenal cortex & gonads
- Target: All over
- Type: Steroid
- Action: Makes you sexy
- Primary & secondary sex characteristics
Epinephrine/nonepinephrine = “adrenaline”
- Source: Adrenal medulla
- Target: All over
- Type: NSA
- Action: “Fight or flight”
- Sympathetic response
Insulin
- Source: Pancreas (beta cells)
- Target: All over & especially the liver
- Type: NSP
- Action: Lowers blood sugar (glucose) = increases sugar (glucose) use
Glucagon
- Source: Pancreas (alpha cells)
- Target: All over & especially the liver
- Type: NSP
- Action: Increase blood sugar (glucose) = decreases sugar (glucose) use
Melantonin
- Source: Pineal gland
- Target: Brain
- Type: NSA
- Action: Circadian rhythms
Atrial Naturetic Peptide (ANP)
- Source: Heart
- Target: Kindey
- Type: NSP
- Action: decrease Na = increase K in the blood
Erythropoietin (EPO)
- Source: Liver & kidneys
- Target: Bone marrow
- Type: NSP
- Action: Increases red blood cells (RBCs)
Thymosin
- Source: Thymus
- Target: Bone marrow
- Type: NSP
- Action: Increase T cell function
Which hormones are steroidal?
- Aldosterone
- Cortisone
- Testerone
Which hormones have a direct antagonist?
- Calcitonin + PTH
- Insulin + Glucagon
- ANP + Aldosterone
What are tropic hormones?
Tropic hormones goes from one endocrine gland to another endocrine gland & are all made by the anterior pituitary gland
Where do tropic hormones come from?
The anterior pituitary gland
What are the tropic hormones?
- TSH
- ACTH
- LH
- FSH
What are releasing hormones (RH)?
Releasing hormones (RH) cause the release or activation of tropic hormones
Examples of releasing hormones (RH)?
- TRH = activates TSH
- CRN = activates ACTH
- GnRH (gonads) = acitvates LH & FSH
What does it mean when a disorder is classified as primary (1o)?
- The organ does not work
- “The worker is NOT working”
What does it mean when a disorder is classified as secondary (20)?
- “Managment is NOT working”
- The wrong orders are given to the organ
