Blood (FINAL) Flashcards
Erythrocytes
4.5-5 million cells/mm3
Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Leukocytes
4,000-11,000 cells/mm3
Two subtypes: Granulocytes and Agranulocytes
Granulocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Neutrophils
40-70% of leukocytes
Fxn: Phagocytize bacteria
Eosinophils
1-4% of leukocytes
Fxn: Kill parasitic worms
100-400 cells/mm3 (µl) blood
Basophils
< 1% of blood
Fxn: Prevents clotting (contains heparin, anti-coag), vasodialator (releases histamine).
Elevated in inflammatory response of allergic reactions.
Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
20-49% of leukocytes
1500-3000 cells/µl blood
Fxn: Produce antibodies, destroy virally infected cells, and cancer cells
Monocytes
4-8% of leukocytes
100-700 cells/µl blood
Fxn: Phagocytosis
Platelets
250,000-500,000/mm3
Important for blood clotting
Plasma
55% total blood volume
Proteins: Albumin, fibrinogen, globulins
92% water
Fxn: Solvent for clotting, defense and gas transport. pH and osmotic balance, transportation of nutrients, waste, hormones, etc.
Anemia
Anemia results from a lack of red blood cells or dysfunctional red blood cells in the body. This leads to reduced oxygen flow to the body’s organs.
Possible causes include low iron, low vitamin B, blood loss, reduced blood formation.
Polycythemia
An abnormally increased concentration of hemoglobin in the blood, through either reduction of plasma volume or increase in red cell numbers.
It may be a primary disease of unknown cause, or a secondary condition linked to respiratory or circulatory disorder or cancer.
Leucopenia
A reduction in the number of white cells in the blood, typical of various diseases.
Leukocytosis
An increase in the number of white cells in the blood, especially during an infection.
Leukemia
A cancer of blood-forming tissues, hindering the body’s ability to fight infection.
Thrombocytosis
Thrombocytosis is a disorder in which your body produces too many platelets (thrombocytes), which play an important role in blood clotting. The disorder is called reactive thrombocytosis or secondary thrombocythemia when it’s caused by an underlying condition, such as an infection.
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which you have a low blood platelet count.
It often occurs as a result of a separate disorder, such as leukemia or an immune system problem. Or it can be a side effect of taking certain medications
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