Brain (FINAL) Flashcards
Frontal Lobe
Part of Cerebrum
- Motor control (voluntary motor skills)
- Motor speech
- Concentration, planning, & problem solving
- “Thinking”
Parietal Lobe
Cerebrum
- Somato-sensory cortex = feeling/touch
- “Feeling” your body
- Understanding speech & using words
Occipital Lobe
Cerebrum
- Visual cortex = vision
- Process of “seeing” an image
Temporal Lobe
Cerebrum
- Hearing (pitches)
- Recognizing auditory patterns (“what am I hearing?”)
- Memories
Cerebellum
- Function: balance, coordination, & motor control
- “The bell of the ball loves to dance”
The brain stem is composed of what parts?
- Medulla oblongata
- Pons
What are the two parts of the medulla oblongata?
- Life support
- Decussation of pyramids
The life support function of the brain is found where?
Medulla oblongata in the brain stem
The decussation of pyramids is found where in the brain?
Medulla oblongata in the brain stem
The pons is found where on the brain?
The brain stem
The medulla oblongata is found __________ the pons
Below
What is the function of the life support function of the medulla oblongata?
Life Support
- Breathing
- Heart rate
- Heart beat
- Vomitting
- Coughing
What is the function of the decussation of pyramids of the medulla oblongata?
Decussation of Pyramids
- Cross over nerve tracts
- Right side of the brain crosses over to the left side of the body
- Left side of the brain crosses over to the right side of the body
What is the pons?
Pons = “bridge”
- The pons is a bridge from the lower brain (brain stem) to the upper brain (the higher brain)
What are the two functions of the pons?
- Bridge between the brain stem (lower brain) and upper brain (higher brain)
- Regulates breathing
- The pons tells the body how fast, slow, deep, shallow your breathing should be
- More complex breathng
What is another name for the midbrain?
Mesencephalon
What is another name for mesencephalan?
Midbrain
What are the components of the mesencephalan?
Mesencephalan
- Corpora quadrigemina
- Cerebral aqueduct
- Cerebral pedunc;e
What are the components of the midbrain?
Midbrain
- Corpora quadrigemina
- Cerebral aqueduct
- Cerebral peduncle
What is the function of the corpora quadrigemina
Corpora Quadrigemina
- Involuntary eye reflexes
- Dilating and constricting pupils
- Blinking
- Involuntary ear reflexes
- Ringing and muffles
- Turning ear to sound (turning and listening)
What is the function of the cerebral aqueduct?
Cerebral aqueduct
- The function of the cerebral aqueduct is to move/drain cerebrospinal fluid out of the brain
What is the function of the cerebral peduncles?
Cerebral Peduncles
- Peduncle = tracts (nerve bundles/ fibers)
- The cerebral peduncle connects the lower brain to the higher brain
- Carries information from the lower to higher parts of the brain
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Cerebellum
- Balance, coordination, and motor control
- “The bell of the ball wants to dance”
What part of the brain is considered the “second brain”
Diencephalon
What are the components of the diencephalon?
Diencephalon
- Thalamas
- Hypothalamus
- Epithalamus
What part of the diencephalon is considered the “second brain”?
Thalamus
What is the function of the thalamus?
Thalamus
- “Telephone operator”
- Sorter/switchboard/ brain’s router
- Projection = to send the signal to different places
- Senses pain and temperature
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Hypothalamus
- Homeostasis
- Negative & positive feedback
- Drives
- Hunger, thirst, sex
What is the function of the epithalamus?
Epithalamus?
- Contains the pineal body/gland
- Pineal gland makes the hormone melatonin
- Contains choroid plexus
- Choroid plexus makes CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) with ependymal cells
- Four choroid plexi
What part of the brain and area is the choroid plexus?
Diencephalon (second brain) in the epithalamus
What is the function of the choroid plexus?
Choroid plexus
- Makes CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)
What type of cells make CSF?
Ependymal cells
How many choroid plexi are there?
Four choroid plexi
- One in each ventricle
Where is the CSF made?
Choroid plexus located in the epithalamus
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) comes from the first two ventricles called the _____________?
Lateral ventricles
The lateral ventricles drain into the _____________.
Third ventricle
The third ventricle drains into the _____________.
Cerebral aqueduct
What is the purpose of the cerebral aqueduct?
The cerebral aqueduct is a “draining tube”
The cerebral aqueduct drains into the ________________.
Fourth ventricle
From the fourth ventricle the CSF flows from what two plexus?
- Subarachnoid space
- Around the brain and meninges
- Central canal
- Down the spinal cord
From the subarachnoid space the CSF drains to what?
Arachnoid villi
What is the function of the arachnoid villi?
Arachnoid Villi
- The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drains out of the arachnoid villi into the bloodstream to make plasma
What part of the brain is considered the “thinking part”?
Cerebrum
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
Frontal lobe is part of the cerebrum
- Voluntary motor control
- Motor speech
- Broca’s area
- “Thinking”
- Concentration, planning, problem solving
Where is the Broca’s area located?
Frontal lobe of cerebrum (left hemisphere)
What is the function of Broca’s area?
Motor speech
What does the parietal lobe control?
Parietal Lobe
- Somato-sensory cortex
- Touch/feeling
- “Feeling your body”
- Wernicke’s area
- Understanding speech
- Using language correctly
Where in the brain is Wernicke’s area located?
Parietal lobe of the cerebrum
What is the function of Wernicke’s Area?
Wernicke’s Area
- Understanding speech
- Using language correctly
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Occipital lobe
- Visual cortex = vision
- Processes the “seeing” of an image
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
Temporal lobe
- Hearing (pitches)
- Recognizes auditory patterns to recognize words
- “What am I hearing?”
- Memories
The anterior cerebral artery supplies blood to what parts of the cerebrum?
- Frontal lobe
- Parietal lobe
The middle cerebral artery supplies blood to what parts of the cerebrum?
- Frontal lobe
- Temporal lobe
The posterior cerebral artery supplies blood to what parts of the cerebrum?
- Occipital lobe
- Temporal lobe
Olfactory
- Number: I
- Origin: olfactory epithelium
- Foramen: cribiform plate
- Function: smell
- Type: sensory
Optic
- Number: II
- Origin: retina
- Foramen: orbital canals
- Function: vision
- Type: Sensory
Oculomotor
- Number: III
- Origin: Midbrain
- Foramen: superior orbital fissure
- Function: eye movement (eyelids, eyebrows, “winking”)
- Type: motor
Trochlear
- Number: IV
- Origin: midbrain
- Foramen: superior orbital fissure
- Function: moves eye = superior oblique
- Type: motor
Trigeminal
- Number: V
- Origin: face
- Foramen:
- Superior orbital fissure
- Foramen ovale
- Foramen rotundum
- Function: jaw, teeth, face bones
- Type: both
Abducens
- Number: VI
- Origin: pons
- Foramen: superior orbital fissure
- Function: moves eyes = lateral rectus
- Type: motor
Facial
- Number: VII
- Origin: pons
- Foramen: internal acoustic meatus
- Function: facial expressions and tastes
- Type: both
Vestibulocochlear
- Number: VIII
- Origin: inner ear
- Foramen: internal acoustic meatus
- Function: “inner ear” balance and hearing
- Type: sensory
Glossopharygeal
- Number: IX
- Origins: medulla
- Foramen: juglar foramen
- Function: back of throat “gag”
- Type: both