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Anatomy & Physiology Series > Cardiac Cycle (FINAL) > Flashcards

Cardiac Cycle (FINAL) Flashcards

1
Q

What is happening to the heart when the P-Wave is being recorded?

A

P-Wave

  • Depolarization of atria in response to SA node triggering
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2
Q

What is happening to the heart when the PR-Wave is being recorded?

A

PR Interval

  • Delay of AV node to allow filling of ventricles
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3
Q

What is happening to the heart when the QRS-Wave is being recorded?

A

QRS Complex

  • Depolarization of ventricles, triggers main pumping contractions
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4
Q

What is happening to the heart when the T-Wave is being recorded?

A

T-Wave

  • Ventricular repolarization
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5
Q

What is happening to the heart when the ST-Wave is being recorded?

A

ST Segment

  • Beginning of ventricle repolarization
  • Should be flat
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6
Q
A

Aortic valve opens

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7
Q
A

A-V valve closes

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8
Q
A

Systole

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9
Q
A

Diastole

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10
Q
A

Systole

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11
Q
A

Ventricular Volume

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12
Q
A

Ventricular Pressure

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13
Q
A

Atrial Pressure

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14
Q
A

Aortic Pressure

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15
Q
A

A-V valve opens

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16
Q
A

Aortic valve closes

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17
Q
A

Atrial systole

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18
Q
A

Diastasis

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19
Q
A

Rapid inflow

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20
Q
A

Isovolumic relaxation

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21
Q
A

Aortic valve opens

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22
Q
A

Ejection

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23
Q
A

Isovolumic contraction

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24
Q
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25
Q
A

Superior vena cava

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26
Q
A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

“Pacemaker”

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27
Q
A

Internodal pathway

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28
Q
A

Atrioventricular (AV) node

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29
Q
A

Atrioventricular (AV) bundle

(Bundle of His)

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30
Q
A

Bundle branches

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31
Q
A

Purkinje fibers

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32
Q
A

Right atrium

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33
Q
A

Left atrium

34
Q
A

Purkinje fibers

35
Q
A

Interventricular septum

36
Q
A

SA Node

37
Q
A

Atrial muscle

38
Q
A

AV node

39
Q
A

Ventricular muscle

40
Q
A

Ventricular muscle

41
Q
A

Ventricular muscle

42
Q
A

Purkinje fibers

43
Q
A

Bundle branches

44
Q
A

Common bundle

45
Q
A

AV node

46
Q
A

Atrial muscle

47
Q
A

Sinus node

48
Q

What is the purpose of the cardiac cycle?

A

Purpose of the Cardiac Cycle

  • To fill the ventricles with blood
49
Q

What is meant by “ventricular filling”

A

Ventricular Filling

  • Blood enters/flows into the ventricles by gravity
  • Fills up the bottom chambers through the open tricuspid and bicuspid (mitral) values
50
Q

What is meant by systole of the atria?

A

Systole of Atria

  • Atria (left & right) contract and squeeze
51
Q

What is the purpose of atrial systole

A

Purpose of atrial systole

  • Pushes more blood into the ventricles
52
Q

What is meant by the “LOAD” phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

LOAD

  1. Blood enters the ventricles via gravity from the open tricuspid and bicuspid valves
  2. Left and right atria contract (atrial systole)
53
Q

What is meant by systemic circulation?

A

Systemic Circulation= body circulation

  • Both sides (left and right) are pumping together at the same time
  • The valves are alternating
    • Pulmonary and aortic valves open and close together
    • Tricuspid and bicuspid valves open and close together
54
Q

What type of blood does pulmonary veins have?

A

Pulmonary veins have oxygenated blood unlike systemic/body veins

55
Q

What type of blood does the pulmonary artery carry?

A

Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood unlike the systemic/body arteries

56
Q

What is happening when the ventricles are contracting?

A

Ventricles contract (right and left)

  • Both the left and right ventricles squeeze
    • Systole
  • Causes the tricuspid and bicuspid valves to close
    • “Lub” = isovolmetric contraction
57
Q

When are the tricuspid and bicuspid valves closing?

A

Tricuspid and bicuspid valves close during ventricular contraction

*Both ventricles are forcing the valves to close

58
Q

What is meant by “LUB”?

A

Lub = isovolumetic contraction

  • Both the right and left ventricles are forcing the tricuspide and bicuspid valves to close
59
Q

When the tricuspid and bicuspid valves contract what is happening to the semilunar valves

A

Semilunar valves open when tricuspid and bicuspid valves close

60
Q

Where does the blood flow once the semilunar valves are open?

A

Semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic valves) open

  1. Blood enters the pulmonary and aortic arteries
    1. Pulmonary artery blood goes to lungs
    2. Aortic artery blood goes to the body’s organs
61
Q

What is happening during the SHOOT/Ejecting phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

Shoot/ Ejecting Phase

  1. Left and right ventricles contract (systole)
  2. Tricuspid and bicuspid valves close
    1. LUB
  3. Pulmonary & aortic valves are forced open
  4. Blood enters pulmonary and aortic arteries
    1. Pulmonary artery blood goes to lungs
    2. Aortic artery blood goes to body’s organs
62
Q

What is meant by diastole?

A

Diastole

  • Relaxation and expandation of left and right ventricles
63
Q

What is happening to the semilunar valves during diastole

A
  • Semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic) close to keep blood out
    • DUB
64
Q

Differentiate between lub and dub

A
  • Lub
    • Closing of the tricuspid and bicuspid valves due to ventricular contraction
      • Systole
  • Dub
    • Closing of the pulmonary and aortic valves due to ventricular relaxation
      • Diastole
65
Q

What is the SCORE phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

Score Phase

  • The right and left ventricles expand and relax
    • Diastole
  • Pulmonary and aortic valves close
    • Dub
  • Tricuspid and bicuspid vavles open
66
Q

Atrial pressure increase when the atria does what?

A

Atrial pressure increase when the atria contracts/squeezes

67
Q

Ventricle Pressure

The ventricle’s graph is larger than the atria due to what two factors?

A

Ventricular Pressure

  1. Ventricles have more force
  2. Ventricles are going against gravity
68
Q

What is the order the the pressurization of the atria and venticles?

A

The atria pressurizes first then the venticles

69
Q

What is happening during aortic pressure?

A

Aortic Pressure

  1. The ventricles are squeezing before the valves are open
    1. Pressure
  2. When the valves are open, this means the pressure is released
  3. The arteries get the full pressure of the blood
70
Q

Explain ventricular volume

A

Ventricular Volume

  • The size of the ventricles
71
Q

Explain the relationship of ventricular volume in terms of systole and diastole.

A

Ventricular Volume = Inverse relationship

  • Systole = contraction of ventricles
    • Ventricular volume goes down
  • Diastole = relaxation of ventricles
    • Ventricular volume goes up
72
Q

What is the relationship between the aorta and ventricle?

A

When the aorta contracts the ventricle expands

73
Q

What is Starling’s Law of the Heart?

A

Starling’s Law of the Heart

  • “If you strech the heart muscle, the heart contracts harder.”
    • Rubberband effect
  • Pre-loading/atrial kick
74
Q

If you stretch the heart with more blood what will happen?

A

Stretch the heart with more blood

  • The ventricles stretches/atrial kicks
    • Atrial kicks = the atria is squeezing to make the ventricles stretch more
  • Kicks the heart with extra blood
75
Q

What is atrial kick?

A

Atrial Kick

  • The atria is squeezing/contracting to make the ventricles stretch more
76
Q

The P Wave correlates to what?

A

P wave correlates to atrial depolarization

77
Q

During the P wave that is the condition of the SA node?

A

P Wave = atrial depolarization

SA node is depolarized

78
Q

What is the purpose of the SA node?

A

SA node = pacemaker

79
Q

The QRS wave correlates to what node?

A

QRS wave correlates to AV node

80
Q

The T wave correlates to phase during the cardiac cycle?

A

T wave correlates to diastole/relaxation

81
Q
A

Anatomy & Physiology Series (39 decks)

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