Anatomy of the Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q
A

Vertebral Canal

  • The spinal canal is the space in the vertebral column formed by the vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes
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2
Q
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Filum terminale

  • A fibrous extension of the pia mater, extends even farther into the coccygeal canal to attach to the posterior coccyx
  • Proceeds downward from the apex of the conus medullaris
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3
Q
A

Spinal cord conus medullaris

  • The cone shaped end of the spinal cord
  • Ends at the level of L1 or L2
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4
Q
A

Foramen Magnum

  • Level of the origin of the spinal cord
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5
Q
A

Denticulate ligaments

  • Saw-toothed shelves of the pia mater
  • Secures the spinal cord to the bony wall of the vertebral column all along its length
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6
Q

Level of the termination of the spinal cord

A
  • The spinal cord ends at the level L1 or L2
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7
Q

Length of the spinal cord

A
  • Approximately a meter long
  • Ends at L1 or L2
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8
Q
A

Meninges

  • The three membranes (dura mater, arachoid layer, and pia mater) that lines the skull and the vertebral spinal cord
  • Encloses the bone and spinal cord
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9
Q
A

Subarachnoid Space

  • Space between the arachnoid layer and the pia mater that has threadlike projections and contains the spinal fluid
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10
Q
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Subdural space

  • Space that is between the dura mater and the arachnoid layer
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11
Q
A

Epidural space

  • Space between the dura mater and the bones of the vertebral canal
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12
Q
A

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

  • A liquid that fills the ventricles of the brain, the central canal of the spinal cord, and the space between the CNS (brain and spinal cord), and dura mater
  • “Cushions”/protects the brain and spinal cord
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13
Q
A

Dura Mater

  • “Tough mother”
  • The outermost, leathery double membraine layer of the meninges
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14
Q
A

Arachnoid Layer

  • Delicate, weblike middle layer of the meninges
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15
Q
A

Pia Mater

  • Delicate inner layer of the meninges which is highly vascular
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16
Q

Number of spinal nerves

A

31 pairs

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17
Q
A

Cervical Enlargment

  • A thickening in the spinal cord that supplies nerves to the upper limbs
  • Corresponds with the attachments of the large nerves which supply the the upper limbs
  • Extends from C3 to T2
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18
Q
A

Lumbar enlargment

  • A widened area of the spinal cord that gives attachment to the nerves which supply the lower limbs
  • From L2 to S3
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19
Q
A

Cauda equina

  • “Horse’s tail”
  • Spinal nerves that extend down the vertebral canal past the level of the spinal cord (beyong L1 or L2)
20
Q

Location of where a lumbar (spinal) tap would be made

A

L4/L5

21
Q

Location of where a saddle block/epidural would be made

A

L3-L5

22
Q
A

Gray Matter

  • The darker tissue of the spinal cord
  • A zone or layer of tissue in the central nervous system where the neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses are found
  • The core “butterfly” of the spinal cord
23
Q

Characteristiscs of gray matter

A
  1. Butterfly shape
  2. Made up of neurons
  3. Not myelinated
24
Q

Generalization of the “butterfly”

A
  • The central “butterfly” is gray matter
  • Gray matter contrains cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated cells
25
Q
A

Posterior Dorsal Horns

  • Recieves sensory fivers from the spinal nerves
  • The two dorsal projections of the gray matter recieves sensory fivers from the spinal cord
26
Q
A

Anterior (ventral) horns

  • Contains the cell bodies of lower motor neurons
  • The tips of the ventral horns are boarder and less tapered than those of the dorsal horns
27
Q
A

Gray Commissure

  • The central area of gray matter connecting the two vertical regions
28
Q
A

Central canal

  • The gray commissure surrounds the central canal of the spinal cord
  • The central canal is a cerebrospinal fluid filled spaced that runs longitudinally through the entire length of the spinal cord
29
Q
A

Arachnoid Layer

  • Delicate, weblike middle layer of the meninges
30
Q
A

Pia Mater

  • Delicate inner layer of the meninges which is highly vascular
31
Q
A

Dura Mater

  • “Tough mother”
  • The outermost, leathery double membraine layer of the meninges
32
Q
A

Epidural space

  • Space between the dura mater and the bones of the vertebral canal
33
Q
A

Subarachnoid Space

  • Space between the arachnoid layer and the pia mater that has threadlike projections and contains the spinal fluid
34
Q
A

Subdural space

Space that is between the dura mater and the arachnoid layer

35
Q
A

Dorsal (Posterior) Root

  • The dorsal horns contain interneurons and sensory fibers that enter the cord from the body periphery via the dorsal root
36
Q
A

Dorsal (posterior) root ganglion

  • Sensory fibers
  • Lacks motor neurons
  • The cell bodies of these neurons are found in the enlarged are of the dorsal root (called the dorsal root ganglion)
37
Q

Tracts

A

Tracts

  • Collections of axons in CNS
38
Q

Nerves

A

Nerves

  • Collections of axons in PNS
39
Q

Ganglia

A

Ganglia

  • Collections of neuron cell bodies in PNS
40
Q

Nucleus (nuclei)

A

Nucleus (nuclei)

  • Collections of neuron cell bodies in CNS
41
Q
A

Dorsal Root

  • The dorsal root is an afferent root, meaning it carries neural signals from the limbs and organs back to the spinal cord and brain
  • Afferent = sensory
42
Q
A

Dorsal Root Ganglion

43
Q
A

Spinal Cord

44
Q
A

Ventral Root

45
Q
A

White Matter

46
Q
A

Gray Matter

47
Q
A

Spinal Ganglion