Electrolytes

Question 1

how much of the total body weight is water?

Answer 1

~60%

Question 2

what does atrial natriuretic factor do?

Answer 2

acts to decrease blood volume

Question 3

what plays a key role in extracellular fluid osmolality?

Answer 3

sodium

Question 4

where is cell swelling/shrinkage with hyperosmolality most obvious?

Answer 4

brain cells: cell swelling can cause neurologic abnormalities

Question 5

what can cause hypernatremia?

Answer 5

GI problems
renal problems
water shift
excessive sodium intake
rare hyperaldosteronism

Question 6

how is total body potassium maintained?

Answer 6

renal excretion rate

Question 7

who does hyperkalemic periodic paralysis impact?

Answer 7

quarter horses

Question 8

why is hypokalemia bad?

Answer 8

cardiac abnormalities
also causes skeletal muscle weakness

Question 9

what sodium:potassium ratio is suggestive of addison’s disease?

Answer 9

<24:1
especially <19:1

Question 10

how is bromide and other halides measured?

Answer 10

many machines measure as chloride

Question 11

what is bicarbonate formed from?

Answer 11

dissolved CO2