Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
what is dissolved CO2 in the blood measured as?
partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2)
what produces carbon dioxide?
aerobic glycolysis
what forms carbonic acid?
dissolved carbon dioxide reacting with water
enzyme carbonic anhydrase
what regulates ventilation?
central chemoreceptors: medulla: 80%
peripheral chemoreceptors: carotid and aortic bodies
when might you see respiratory alkalosis?
compensation for metabolic acidosis
low oxygen
excitement/stress/pain
septicemia
neurologic disease
what are some causes of metabolic alkalosis?
lost of gastric HCl
excessive bicarbonate supplementation in fluid therapy
renal
compensation chronic respiratory acidosis
hypokalemia/hypochloremia and hypovolemia: loss H+ in urine
what can hypokalemia and hypochloremia cause?
cause or increase metabolic alkalosis
what are some causes of secretion-type metabolic acidosis?
intestinal bicarbonate losses
renal bicarbonate losses
salivary losses
what endogenous substances can be seen in high anion gap acidosis?
lactate
ketones
phosphates
sulfates
uremic acids
does the anion gap change in secretion acidosis?
no
what does PCO2 primarily reflect?
ventilation
what is increased bicarbonate typically accompanied by?
chloride loss: hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
what do increased values of lactate indicate?
increased anaerobic glycolysis
when is anion gap increased?
increased unmeasured anions: titration-type acidosis
what is base excess?
calculated value which represents the metabolic acid-base status after correction for temperature and respiratory acid-base status
