Body Cavity Fluids- Specific Effusions Flashcards
what is the hallmark of a chylous effusion?
triglyceride-rich chylomicrons
what is the triglyceride concentration in a chylous effusion?
> 2x that in the serum
usually >100mg/dL
what do cats with cardiac disease commonly have with effusion?
non-chylous, lymphocyte-rich effusion
what can long-standing effusions and/or repeated thoracocentesis result in?
inflammatory infiltration
what is the white color in pseudochylous effusions from?
cellular debris
lecithin globulin complexes
CaPO4 crystals
cholesterol crystals
what color is a uroperitoneum?
clear to slightly amber color
what do we measure to determine if an effusion is a uroperitoneum?
fluid and serum creatinine concentrations
>2:1
why are creatinine determinations more reliable that urea nitrogen for a uroperitoneum?
molecule is large than urea nitrogen and equilibrates more slowly. between the cavity and the blood
what is bilious effusion like?
highly inflammatory
typically non-septic
neutrophils and macrophages
what are bilirubin levels usually in bilious effusion?
typically 2x higher than in serum
what happens in feline infectious peritonitis that leads to effusion?
immunocomplex deposition within vessels alters permeability and allows protein to leak into fluid
what is the albumin:globulin ratio like in feline infectious peritonitis effusion?
low: often <0.8
how can you differentiate true hemorrhage from iatrogenic blood contamination in an effusion?
presence of erythrophagocytosis
absence of platelets
what is the primary reason for the effusion in hemorrhagic effusions?
hemorrhage
why is the presence of increased red blood cells in an effusion not always due to a hemorrhagic effusion?
vascular damage and diapedesis associated with inflammation
what happens first with strangulation of the bowel?
early vascular congestion: increased protein levels and elevated red blood cell count
what characterizes eosinophilic effusions?
> 10% eosinophils
what does a neoplastic effusion contain?
recognizable neoplastic cells
what are the most common neoplastic cell types seen in a neoplastic effusion?
lymphoma
carcinoma
what does a neoplastic effusion from lymphoma look like?
population of discrete round cells
how can you diagnose carcinoma on an effusion?
epithelial population with many of the nuclear criteria of malignancy
