Ectoparasites of Ruminants Flashcards
what is the generation time for lice
~3-5 weeks
what is the generation time for mange mites
~2-3 weeks
what is the survival off the host for lice
3-7 days
what is the survival off the host for mites
up to 3 weeks
what is the survival off the host for chorioptes
up to 10 weeks
what are the cattle lice species
- biting/chewing lice: Bovicola bovis
- sucking lice:
- long nosed cattle louse: Linognathus vituli
- short nosed louse: uncommon: Solenopotes capillatus
- little blue cattle louse: uncommon Haematopinus eurysternus
what are the predilection sites of cattle lice
sucking lice (head, neck):
- Linognathus vituli
- Solenopotes capillatus
- Haematopinus eurysternus
Biting lice (withers, back):
- Bovicola bovis
what are mange mites of cattle
Chewing mites:
- Chorioptes bovis
Burrowing mite:
- Sarcoptes scabiei
Sucking mite
- Psoroptes ovis
what are the mange common sites
Head/neck mange:
- Sarcoptes scabiei
Body mange:
- Psoroptes bovis
Heel/tail mange:
- Chorioptes bovis
what are the lesions of chorioptic mange
Classically discrete lesions in the skin folds on either side of the tail with little inflammation
Lesions can be more extensive in that region with more marked dermatitis and self inflicted traumatic damage to skin
what are risk factors of severe chorioptic mange
House
Stanchion
Straw bedding
Poor condition
what are the risk factors of psoroptic mange
Light color
Belgian blues
Charollais
what are the lesions of psoroptic mange like
Inflammation, exudation
hypersensitivity
Mites at periphery
what lice species is this
Bovicola bovis
what lice species is this
Linognathus vituli
what lice species is this
Solenopotes capillatus
what species of lice is this
Haematopinus eurysternus
what specie of lice is this
bovicola bovis
rounded mouthparts
what species of lice is this
piercing mouthparts
what species of mange mite is this
Chorioptes bovis
what species of mange mite is this
Sarcoptes scabiei
what species of mange mite is this
psoroptes ovis
what species of mange mite is this
psoroptic mange
what sarcoptic mange lesions like
Thick crusts
Hyperkeratosis
Intensely pruritic
Self trauma
what species of mange mite is this
sarcoptes scabiei
what lesion is shown here
sarcoptic mange
what is the impact of ectoparasites
- clinical disease
- production losses
- behavioural changes
- hide damage
how do diagnose ectoparasites
- visual inspection
- sampling
- skin scrapes for mange mites
what are ectoparasiticide products for lice and mange in cattle
what does successful treatment of ectoparasites (4)
- need correct product and route of admin
- all animals treated at same time
- avoid contact with untreated animals
- good nutrition
describe what products are effective on lice, and mange
what are the mainstay of treatments
Pyrethroids are mainstay
Pour on products that are largely effective against all of the lice species but not all of the mite species
Different amounts of persistency
what are winter ectoparasites of sheep
Sheep scab (Psoroptes ovis)
lice (bovicola ovis)
what does sheep scap (psoroptes ovis) cause
Inflammation, exudation
hypersensitivity
Mites at periphery
what is the impact of sheep scap
Welfare of diseased animals
Rapid loss of condition in ewes
Poor lamb crop
Poor growth rates in fattening lambs
Hide damage
Reduced wool clip
Deaths
Treatment costs and welfare
Notifiable in Scotland
how is sheep scap transmitted directly
At markets, shows etc
From bought in animals
At boundaries with other flocks
On shared grazing
how is sheep scap transmitted indirectly
In transit
At markets
On fences
Shearing equipment
how is sheep scab controlled
Dips
Injectables
Movement control
Biosecurity
- ELISA tests to test for asymptomatic carriers
what are the treatments for sheep scabs
Organophosphates are very effective and the dip can wash away the lesion material
MLs:
Effective against endoparasites as well so need to be careful using appropriately to prevent resistance
what are two other mange species in sheep
Sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei)
Scrotal mange (Chorioptes ovis)
what are lice species in sheep
Biting lice (Bovicola ovis)
- Welfare
- Fleece quality
- Merinos in Australia
Sucking lice (Linognathus spp)
- Anemia/irritation
what are insecticides used to treat and control sheep lice
what is sheep ked caused by
melophagus ovinus
what species are midge and what is their significance
culicoides spp
vector for blue tongue
what species causes nasal bot
esutrus ovis
irriatation
what are the treatments for nasal bot
what is the seasonality of blowfly strike
what are primary factors that can cause blowfly strike
fleece humidity
fecal soiling
development rate of flies (birth rate, death rate)
what are secondary factors that can cause blowfly strike
sheep:
weather
wool length
parasitic worms
flies:
food
natural enemies
breeding sites
what are risk factors of strike
Diarrhea & fecal staining of wool
- PGE in lambs
Late shearing:
- No ‘dagging’ (removal of fecal impacted wool around breech)
how are blowfly controlled
Ectoparasiticides
Sprays (persistency)
Dips
Traps
Carcass disposa
Dagging/shearing
Worming
what are insecticides for the treatment and control of blowfly strike
what are ticks of ruminants
ixodes ricinus
what is the importance of ruminants
vector as a disease
what are vectors of disease that ticks spread in cattle and sheep
cattle: babesiosis (red water)
sheep: tick borne fever, louping ill, tick pyemia, Q fever
what is the life cycle of the tick
what are acaricides for control of ticks
what are external parasites for cattle at pasture
Flies and ticks
Midges
