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Module 18: Ruminant Production > Ectoparasites of Ruminants > Flashcards

Ectoparasites of Ruminants Flashcards

1
Q

what is the generation time for lice

A

~3-5 weeks

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2
Q

what is the generation time for mange mites

A

~2-3 weeks

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3
Q

what is the survival off the host for lice

A

3-7 days

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4
Q

what is the survival off the host for mites

A

up to 3 weeks

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5
Q

what is the survival off the host for chorioptes

A

up to 10 weeks

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6
Q

what are the cattle lice species

A
  1. biting/chewing lice: Bovicola bovis
  2. sucking lice:
  • long nosed cattle louse: Linognathus vituli
  • short nosed louse: uncommon: Solenopotes capillatus
  • little blue cattle louse: uncommon Haematopinus eurysternus
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7
Q

what are the predilection sites of cattle lice

A

sucking lice (head, neck):

  • Linognathus vituli
  • Solenopotes capillatus
  • Haematopinus eurysternus

Biting lice (withers, back):

  • Bovicola bovis
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8
Q

what are mange mites of cattle

A

Chewing mites:

  • Chorioptes bovis

Burrowing mite:

  • Sarcoptes scabiei

Sucking mite

  • Psoroptes ovis
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9
Q

what are the mange common sites

A

Head/neck mange:

  • Sarcoptes scabiei

Body mange:

  • Psoroptes bovis

Heel/tail mange:

  • Chorioptes bovis
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10
Q

what are the lesions of chorioptic mange

A

Classically discrete lesions in the skin folds on either side of the tail with little inflammation

Lesions can be more extensive in that region with more marked dermatitis and self inflicted traumatic damage to skin

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11
Q

what are risk factors of severe chorioptic mange

A

House

Stanchion

Straw bedding

Poor condition

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12
Q

what are the risk factors of psoroptic mange

A

Light color

Belgian blues

Charollais

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13
Q

what are the lesions of psoroptic mange like

A

Inflammation, exudation

hypersensitivity

Mites at periphery

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14
Q

what lice species is this

A

Bovicola bovis

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15
Q

what lice species is this

A

Linognathus vituli

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16
Q

what lice species is this

A

Solenopotes capillatus

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17
Q

what species of lice is this

A

Haematopinus eurysternus

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18
Q

what specie of lice is this

A

bovicola bovis

rounded mouthparts

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19
Q

what species of lice is this

A

piercing mouthparts

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20
Q

what species of mange mite is this

A

Chorioptes bovis

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21
Q

what species of mange mite is this

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

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22
Q

what species of mange mite is this

A

psoroptes ovis

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23
Q

what species of mange mite is this

A

psoroptic mange

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24
Q

what sarcoptic mange lesions like

A

Thick crusts

Hyperkeratosis

Intensely pruritic

Self trauma

25
Q

what species of mange mite is this

A

sarcoptes scabiei

26
Q

what lesion is shown here

A

sarcoptic mange

27
Q

what is the impact of ectoparasites

A
  1. clinical disease
  2. production losses
  3. behavioural changes
  4. hide damage
28
Q

how do diagnose ectoparasites

A
  1. visual inspection
  2. sampling
  3. skin scrapes for mange mites
29
Q

what are ectoparasiticide products for lice and mange in cattle

A
30
Q

what does successful treatment of ectoparasites (4)

A
  1. need correct product and route of admin
  2. all animals treated at same time
  3. avoid contact with untreated animals
  4. good nutrition
31
Q

describe what products are effective on lice, and mange

A
32
Q

what are the mainstay of treatments

A

Pyrethroids are mainstay

Pour on products that are largely effective against all of the lice species but not all of the mite species

Different amounts of persistency

33
Q

what are winter ectoparasites of sheep

A

Sheep scab (Psoroptes ovis)

lice (bovicola ovis)

34
Q

what does sheep scap (psoroptes ovis) cause

A

Inflammation, exudation

hypersensitivity

Mites at periphery

35
Q

what is the impact of sheep scap

A

Welfare of diseased animals

Rapid loss of condition in ewes

Poor lamb crop

Poor growth rates in fattening lambs

Hide damage

Reduced wool clip

Deaths

Treatment costs and welfare

Notifiable in Scotland

36
Q

how is sheep scap transmitted directly

A

At markets, shows etc

From bought in animals

At boundaries with other flocks

On shared grazing

37
Q

how is sheep scap transmitted indirectly

A

In transit

At markets

On fences

Shearing equipment

38
Q

how is sheep scab controlled

A

Dips

Injectables

Movement control

Biosecurity

  • ELISA tests to test for asymptomatic carriers
39
Q

what are the treatments for sheep scabs

A

Organophosphates are very effective and the dip can wash away the lesion material

MLs:

Effective against endoparasites as well so need to be careful using appropriately to prevent resistance

40
Q

what are two other mange species in sheep

A

Sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei)

Scrotal mange (Chorioptes ovis)

41
Q

what are lice species in sheep

A

Biting lice (Bovicola ovis)

  • Welfare
  • Fleece quality
  • Merinos in Australia

Sucking lice (Linognathus spp)

  • Anemia/irritation
42
Q

what are insecticides used to treat and control sheep lice

A
43
Q

what is sheep ked caused by

A

melophagus ovinus

44
Q

what species are midge and what is their significance

A

culicoides spp

vector for blue tongue

45
Q

what species causes nasal bot

A

esutrus ovis

irriatation

46
Q

what are the treatments for nasal bot

A
47
Q

what is the seasonality of blowfly strike

A
48
Q

what are primary factors that can cause blowfly strike

A

fleece humidity

fecal soiling

development rate of flies (birth rate, death rate)

49
Q

what are secondary factors that can cause blowfly strike

A

sheep:

weather

wool length

parasitic worms

flies:

food

natural enemies

breeding sites

50
Q

what are risk factors of strike

A

Diarrhea & fecal staining of wool

  • PGE in lambs

Late shearing:

  • No ‘dagging’ (removal of fecal impacted wool around breech)
51
Q

how are blowfly controlled

A

Ectoparasiticides

Sprays (persistency)

Dips

Traps

Carcass disposa

Dagging/shearing

Worming

52
Q

what are insecticides for the treatment and control of blowfly strike

A
53
Q

what are ticks of ruminants

A

ixodes ricinus

54
Q

what is the importance of ruminants

A

vector as a disease

55
Q

what are vectors of disease that ticks spread in cattle and sheep

A

cattle: babesiosis (red water)
sheep: tick borne fever, louping ill, tick pyemia, Q fever

56
Q

what is the life cycle of the tick

A
57
Q

what are acaricides for control of ticks

A
58
Q

what are external parasites for cattle at pasture

A

Flies and ticks

Midges

Module 18: Ruminant Production (25 decks)

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