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Module 18: Ruminant Production > Camelids > Flashcards

Camelids Flashcards

1
Q

what is the BW of alpacas

A

48-84kg

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2
Q

what are alpacas bred for

A

fibre production

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3
Q

what is the BW of llama

A

130-200kg

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4
Q

what are the differences between Llamas and Alpacas

A

Llamas are taller and heavier

used for protection

Llamas have banana shaped ears

alpacas have smushed faces

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5
Q

what are vicunas

A

wild ancestor of alpacas

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6
Q

what is the BW of vicuna BW

A

35-65kG

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7
Q

what is the gestation period of camelids

A

~11.5 months +/- 1 month

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8
Q

what is the normal rectal temperature

A

37.2-38.6ºC (37.7ºC)

99-101.5ºF (100.0ºF)

Younger slightly higher (~0.5ºC)

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9
Q

what is the normal heart rate

A

80 bpm (50-110) for all ages but young often higher end of range

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10
Q

what is the normal resp rate

A

10-30 bpm in alpacas

40-60 bpm in llamas

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11
Q

how are camelids weaned

A

Like other animals

When the young are big enough and taking enough hard feed/fibre to sustain themselves (~6-9 months)

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12
Q

what age do camelids reach sexual maturity

A

Around 2 years old but like other domesticated mammals this varies, so separate from 1 year old (most do at weaning — just like other farm species)

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13
Q

what type of ovulators are camelids

A

reflex ovulators/non-seasonal mostly singles

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14
Q

are lymph nodes normally palpable

A

no

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15
Q

how many gut contractions should there be and where can you auscultate

A

C1

3-5 mins

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16
Q

what are routine husbandry practices

A

Must be kept in groups (5-7/acre)

Shelter should be available

Feed:

  • Forage — hay (haylage on dry side), short grass
  • Feed — with added vitamin D (rickets)
  • Water

Can give supplementary vitamin ADE (oral paste or injectable solution)

2200 IU/kg

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17
Q

what are routine management practices

A

Can be done by owners/shearers but veterinarian may be asked to do/give guidance

Shearing

Foot trimming

Trim the ‘nails’ at bottom of foot

Can bleed if trim too short

Vaccination

Worm/fluke treatments

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18
Q

what are routine vaccines

A

Routinely against clostridial diseases

Use Bravoxin 10 or Covexin 10 (because these cover all the things camelids have died from in the UK)

Give Covexin 10 every 6 months

Sheep dose

Give one 4-6 weeks before birth

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19
Q

how do you assess worm and fluke treatments

A

Monitor with regular body condition scoring and routine FWEC’s (use modified Stoll’s) (can have a high burden without diarrhea)

Don’t usually get diarrhea when they have a high parasite burden

Susceptible to most sheep and cattle parasites

Defecate in ‘toilet’ areas of pasture

Also can get coccidiosis and external parasites (mites only)

20
Q

what type of ruminant are camelids

A

pseudoruminants

21
Q

describe the features of the GI tract

A

Foregut fermentation

C1 largest and similar to rumen

C2 involved in mixing with C1 (think reticulum)

C3 absorbing nutrients in one part and secretes acid in another (think abomasum)

No gall bladder

Small omentum

Large spiral colon (absorbs water — think omasum)

22
Q

what is the neck anatomy

A

7 cervical vertebrae

23
Q

where would you take jugular sample

A

High on RHS

Low near thoracic inlet

24
Q

what is the PCV range

A

>20%

25
Q

what is the shape of RBCs

A

oval and small

high altitude adaptation

26
Q

what is the TP range

A

51-78g/L

27
Q

what is the glucose range

A

5.5-7.3 mmol/L

28
Q

what is the normal USG

A

1.010-1.048

29
Q

when can you US scan for pregnancy

A

days 35-40

30
Q

what is the avg BW of cria

A

5-10kg

31
Q

how much colostrum do cria are needed

A

8-10% BW in colostrum within 6 hours

32
Q

what is the aim of serum TP for cria

A

>6g/dL

33
Q

how do you perform c section

A

left flank

90% in left horn

sterility important

34
Q

when would you castrate

A

18 months - 2+ years old

35
Q

what are important history questions when approaching a sick alpaca

A

homebred

vaccination

worm/fluke tx

breeding/pet

rest of group/size

36
Q

how do sick alpacas present

A

dead

moribund

recumbent

37
Q

what are common dz of alpacas

A

Parasites

Dietary insufficiency

C3 ulcers

Hepatic lipidosis

Infections

  • Pneumonia
  • Enteritis
  • Johne’s
  • TB
  • BVD
38
Q

what are causes of anemia

A

Chronic disease

Trace element/dietary etiology

Mycoplasma haemolamae

Haemonchus contortus

39
Q

what are causes of hypoproteinemia

A

Endoparasites

Enteritis

Johne’s

Kidney disease

Liver disease

40
Q

where is scabby skin seen

A

Lower limbs/face & eats

Ectoparasites

  • Mange mites
41
Q

how does colic present

A

similar to horses

same approach

42
Q

what ocular problems are common

A

Conjunctivitis (like sheep)

Naso-lacrimal duct blockage (like horses and dogs)

43
Q

what are common neuro issues

A

CCN

Listeriosis

Meningitis

Injury/abscess

44
Q

what are other less common diseases seen

A
  1. TB
  2. BVD
45
Q

what are common sick presentations in alpacas

A
  1. anemic
  2. hypoproteinemia
  3. scabby skin
46
Q

what medications should you not use in alpacas

A

macrolids (micotil)

metronidazole (kills gut flora)

Module 18: Ruminant Production (25 decks)

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