Echo - chamber quantification Flashcards
What is the general rule for chamber measurements in regards to heart rate and beats?
- Perform on more than one cycle (inter-beat variability)
- Sinus rhythm - average 3 beats
- Atrial fibrillation - average 5 beats
What Echo modes can be utilized in linear measurements?
- 2D
- M-mode
What Echo mode can be utilized to obtain volumetric measurements?
- 2D
- 3D
Where should the LV end-diastolic dimension be measured?
- perpendicular to the LV long axis
- at or immediately below the mitral valve leaflet tips
- 2D >> M-mode (will OVERESTIMATE)
- will avoid oblique measurements
- use guided M-mode if needed
What are the advantages of linear measurements in M-mode?
- reproducible
- high temporal resolution
- published data
What is the preferred method of LV volume measurement?
- 2D Biplane Disc Summation (modified Simpsons)
- sum of πr2h
How do you perform the 2D Biplane Disc Summation (modified Simpsons) method of LV volume measurement?
- trace the blood-compacted tissue interface in 2 and 4 chamber apical views
- straight line at mitral valve level (connect opposite sections of mitral ring)
What are methods for calculation of LV systolic function?
- Volumetric LVEF
- (LVEDV-LVESV)/LVEDV x 100
- Biplane method of discs (modified Simpson’s) ***currently recommended
- 3D can be used when available/feasible
What is a severely abnormal LVEDD (cm)?
- males
- females
- > 6.8 cm
- > 6.1 cm
Define End-Diastole in the Echo Cardiac Cycle
-frame after MV closure
or
-frame with largest LV dimension/volume
Define End-systole in the Echo Cardiac Cycle
-frame after AV closure
or
-frame with smallest LV dimension/volume
What is the standard IVSd (cm) for men and women?
men: < 1.0cm
women: < 0.9cm
What is the standard PWT (cm) for men/women?
- men: < 1.0 cm
- women: < 0.9cm
What is IVSd?
interventricular septal end-diastolic dimension
what is PWT?
posterior wall thickness
What is LVIDd?
left ventricular internal diameter end-diastolic dimension
what is LVIDs?
left ventricular internal diameter end-systolic dimension
What is the standard measurement for LVIDd?
- men: < 5.8cm
- women: < 5.2cm
What is the standard measurement for LVIDs?
- men: < 4.0cm
- women: < 3.5cm
What is normal LVEF?
- men: > 52%
- women: > 54%
What is normal LVEDd in males?
Severely abnormal?
- 4.2-5.8 cm
- > 6.8 cm
What is the (males) normal LV diastolic volume index (mL/m2)?
Normal LV systolic volume index (mL/m2)?
Severely abnormal LV diastolic volume index (mL/m2)?
- < 74 mL/m2
- < 31 mL/m2
- > 100 mL/m2
What is normal LVEDd in females?
Severely abnormal?
- 3.8-5.2 cm
- > 6.1 cm
What is the (females) normal LV diastolic volume index (mL/m2)?
Normal LV systolic volume index (mL/m2)?
Severely abnormal LV diastolic volume index (mL/m2)?
- < 61 mL/m2
- < 24 mL/m2
- > 80 mL/m2







































