Chamber quantification Flashcards

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1
Q

Define End-Diastole in the Echo Cardiac Cycle

A

-frame after MV closure

or

-frame with largest LV dimension/volume

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2
Q

Define End-systole in the Echo Cardiac Cycle

A

-frame after AV closure

or

-frame with smallest LV dimension/volume

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3
Q

Where should the LV end-diastolic dimension be measured?

A
  • perpendicular to the LV long axis
  • at or immediately below the mitral valve leaflet tips
  • Prefer 2D instead of M-mode (will overestimate and obtain oblique measurements)
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4
Q

What is the standard IVSd (cm) for men and women?

A

men: < 1.0cm
women: < 0.9cm

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5
Q

What is the standard PWT (cm) for men/women?

A
  • men: < 1.0 cm
  • women: < 0.9cm
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6
Q

What is IVSd?

A

interventricular septal end-diastolic dimension

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7
Q

what is PWT?

A

posterior wall thickness

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8
Q

What is LVIDd?

A

left ventricular internal diameter end-diastolic dimension

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9
Q

what is LVIDs?

A

left ventricular internal diameter end-systolic dimension

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10
Q

What is the standard measurement for LVIDd?

A
  • men: < 5.8cm
  • women: < 5.2cm
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11
Q

What is the standard measurement for LVIDs?

A
  • men: < 4.0cm
  • women: < 3.5cm
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12
Q

What is normal LVEF?

A
  • men: > 52%
  • women: > 54%
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13
Q

What is normal LVEDd in males?

Severely abnormal?

A
  • 4.2-5.8 cm
  • > 6.8 cm
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14
Q

What is the (males) normal LV diastolic volume index (mL/m2)?

Normal LV systolic volume index (mL/m2)?

Severely abnormal LV diastolic volume index (mL/m2)?

A
  • < 74 mL/m2
  • < 31 mL/m2
  • > 100 mL/m2
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15
Q

What is normal LVEDd in females?

Severely abnormal?

A
  • 3.8-5.2 cm
  • > 6.1 cm
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16
Q

What is the (females) normal LV diastolic volume index (mL/m2)?

Normal LV systolic volume index (mL/m2)?

Severely abnormal LV diastolic volume index (mL/m2)?

A
  • < 61 mL/m2
  • < 24 mL/m2
  • > 80 mL/m2
17
Q

How to calculate indexed measurements?

A

Indexed measurements = measurement / BSA

18
Q

56 year old female has LV mass of 98 g/m2 and relative wall thickness of 0.38. What is her LV chamber geometry?

A

Eccentric hypertrophy

19
Q

Describe method for determining LV mass/LV mass index/Relative wall thickness

A
20
Q

What is the formula for RWT?

A

RWT = 2 x PWT / LVEDD

21
Q

What is the linear method (cube formula) for determining LV mass?

A

LV mass = 0.8 x 1.04 [(IVS + LVIDD + PWT)3 - LVIDD3] + 0.6g

**1.04 = specific gravity of myocardium

22
Q

What are the four stages of EKG changes in pericarditits?

A
  1. widespread ST-elevation and PR depression with reciprocal changes in aVR (occurs during the first two weeks)
  2. normalization of ST changes; generalized T wave flattening (1-3 weeks)
  3. flatted T waves become inverted (3 - several weeks)
  4. EKG returns to normal (several weeks-months)