Dienchephalon Pt2 Flashcards
What are the 4 structures of the Diencephalon?
Subthalamus
Epithalamus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
The subthalamus/subthalamic nuclei are functionally a part of what?
The basal ganglia
Where is the subthalamus located?
-Substantia nigra
-thamalus
-hypothalamus
Superior to substantia nigra in midbrain
inferior to thalamus
lateral to hypothalamus
Subthalamus is essential for controlling __?
fine tuning movement
Substantia nigra helps modulate movement by influencing what structures?
basal ganglia (GP,SN)
Substantia nigra has crucial role in regulation of ?
regulation of motor control and coordination of voluntary movement
-role in cognitive and emotional processing
The epithalamus encompasses several small nuclei including?
-pineal body
-habenula
-parts of pretectum
Function of epithalamus?
regulation of circadian rhythms, emotional responses, endocrine activity
What is the largest structure of the epithalamus?
Pineal body
-innervated by sympathetic fibers
Assists in controlling circadian rhythm and impacts glandular secretions
what are large collections of nuclei in 2 egg shaped structures immediately superior to top of BS and midbrain
thalamus
is thalamus white or gray matter?
gray
What is intramedullary lamina?
White matter that divides thalamus into anterior medial and lateral groves
(Thalamus is made of gray matter)
The lateral wall of the thalamus is formed by thin sheets of cells called….
Thalamic reticular nucleus
What separates the L from R thalamus. ________
the medial thalamic wall of each side formed by the thin sheets called. _______
3rd ventricle
Midline nucleus
The R and L thalamus are joined in most humans brains by what is called the…
Masa intermedia/ inter thalamic adhesion
What supplies blood to the thalamus?
deep branches of the posterior cerebral artery
-thalamoperforator artery
-thalamogenticulate artery
-posterior choroidal artery
thalamus acts as a filter and processor of info to the cerebral cortex from?
-basal ganglia
-cerebellum
-all sensory system except olfactory
How is thalamus a relay station?
relays processed input to discrete areas of cerebral cortex, thereby regulating cortical neural activity
The thalamus is involved in motor control explain
movement initiation and coordination, fine tuning of voluntary movements
thalamus regulates __, ___, ___?
arousal, consciousness, and sleep
thalamus is involved in emotions, ____, ____?
emotions, memory, and decision making
All thalamic nuclei project to the cerebral cortex except for….
Thalamic reticular nucleus
What are the two TRN?
- thalamocortical fibers
-corticothalamic fibers