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Neuro 4-CSF Flashcards

1
Q

Where is CSF formed?

A

Choroid plexus

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2
Q

What is the purpose of CSF?

A

Clear waste, supply nutrients

Provide shock absorption to brain

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3
Q

What is the shape of the lateral ventricles?

A

The first 2 ventricles are C-Shaped lateral ventricles

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4
Q

Where is the 3rd ventricle of the brain located?

A

Midline of the diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)

It is surrounded by the thalamus and hypothalamus

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5
Q

Where is the 4th ventricle located?

A

Posterior to pons/medulla, but anterior to cerebellum

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6
Q

What is the foramina of monro

A

Where the 2 C shaped lateral ventricles connect to the 3rd ventricle

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7
Q

What are the 2 inner layers of the dura mater?

A

Falx Cerebi

Tentorium Cerebelli

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8
Q

The inner and outer layer of the dura mater is fused except at the _____ which collect CSF and venous blood

A

Dural sinuses

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9
Q

The villi/granulations of arachnoid mater do what?

A

go through dura into venous sinuses to allow CSF to flow into them

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10
Q

What are the 3 layers of the Choroid plexus that turns blood into CSF

A
  1. Capillaries
  2. Connective tissue
  3. Epithelial cells
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11
Q

True or false: CSF is a protein rich substance

A

True

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of a epidural hematoma

A

Due to fx of parietal or temporal bone tearing the middle meningeal artery

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13
Q

What kind of hematoma has a quick cumulation of blood, and presents with a period of lucidity followed by quick deterioraiton

A

epidural hematoma

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14
Q

What kind of hematoma is most often caused by venous bleeding and presents as a slow progressive deterioration

A

subdural hematoma

(not subdural hemorrhage)

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15
Q

Congenital or acquired Hydrocephalus

A

**Abnormal build up of CSF in ventricles
**
Infants with nonfused skulls will have enlarged heads

Children/adults with fused skull will have excessive pressure on white matter

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16
Q

What is communicating hydrocephalus

A

When ventricular system is intact with blockage caudal to 4th ventricle

Basically the ventricular system can still communicate, but it cannot leave ventricals

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17
Q

What is noncommunicating/obstructive hydrocephalus

A

Blockage within ventricular system/ usually in the cerebral aqueduct

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18
Q

Meningitis has pain that increases with…

A

Upright position

Head movement

Sneezing/coughing

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19
Q

How many arteries supply the anterior spinal cord?

How many supply the posterior spinal cord?

A

1 “anterior spinal artery”

2 “posterior spinal arteries”

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20
Q

What is the circle of willis?

A

Circular arteries that supply blood to brain

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21
Q

The vertebral arteries fuse to form what?

A

Basilar artery

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22
Q

The basilar artery feeds into what

A

The posterior cerebral arteries and superior cerebellar arteries

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23
Q

What is the parent structure of the posterior choroidal artery

A

Posterior cerebral artery

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24
Q

What regions of the spinal cord get the most blood supply?

A

Cervical and lumbar

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25
Arteriovenous Malformation
Congenital Arteries connect to abnormal vessels rather than capillaries and veins Symptoms include local pain, can be found anywhere in body
26
What is the most common kind of aneurysm
Sacular aneurysm
27
Aneurysms worsen with...
Age and Hypertension
28
Why can't parkinson's patients take dopamine to help them?
Because it cannot pass the blood brain barrier, so they must take a precursor that can
29
What is the role of the pericyte cell?
Guards the blood brain barrier
30
What parts of the brain are not protected by the bloodbrain barrier?
Areas that sample the blood or secrete things into the blood Parts of hypothalamus and other areas close to 3rd/4th ventricle
31
What causes cerebral arteries to dialate? Relating to: BP, O2, PH, CO2, Lactic Acid.....
BP, O2, or pH levels are too low OR CO2/Lactic acid is too high If the inverse is true they constrict
32
O2 use increases from brainstem to
cerebral cortices
33
The cortex is more vunerable to O2 loss than...
The Life centers of brain stem note:explains why people can live in persistent vegitative state for long time
34
What is cerebral edema?
excessive fluid in brain
35
What are 3 common causes of Cerebral edema
TBI, including concussion Heart attack High Altitude cerebral edema (HACE)
36
Why is cerebral edema often progressive
Because fluid pressure causes ischemia and then arterioles dilate to deliver more oxygen but this leads to even more capillary pressure and edema
37
What is the normal range of intracranial pressure?
5-15mmHG Above 15 is abnormal and above 20 is pathological Above 20 is contraindication for PT
38
Where is intracranial pressure monitored?
measured by monitor in lateral ventricle
39
Pressure against falx cerebri is likely to cause what? (Homunculus)
Issues at contralateral lower limb Note: because it’s more medial and that is where the lower limb is located on the homunculus
40
A cingulate herniation puts pressure on what?
Falx cerebri
41
An Uncal herniation puts pressure on what?
Midbrain, causing Cranial nerve 3 dysfunction and loss of conciousness
42
a central brain herniation puts pressure against what
Against diencephalon, moving it and the midbrain/pons down Can stretch basilar artery and cause ischemia, paraylsis and impaired conciousness and oculomotor function
43
A Tonsillar brain herniation causes what
Pressure on cerebellar tonsils, can impair conciousness
44
superficial veins drain cortex and white matter blood into the _____- whereas deep veins drain basal ganglia, diancephalon, and white matter blood into the ______
Superior Saggital Sinus Straight sinus
45
Where do the saggital sinus and the straight sinus meet?
At the confluence of sinuses
46
What arises from the confluence of sinuses and drains into the jugular vein?
The transverse sinus
47
What is a TIA (transient ischemic attack)
Brief localized loss of brain function resolves in 24 hours Medical emergency due to likelihood of future stroke
48
A stroke is a cerebral vascular accident lasting longer than...
One day
49
80% of all strokes are..
Infarcts (instead of hemorrage)
50
What artery do most infarct strokes affect?
Middle cerebral artery
51
What is the difference between embolus and thrombus
Embolus- clot traveled from somewhere else, quick onset Thrombus- builds up over time
52
What is a lacunar infarct?
small deep circulation infarct
53
20% of all strokes are
Hemorrage strokes -Sudden loss of function, severe headache/ loss of consiousness
54
Complete blockage of the basilar artery causes
death due to ischemia of brainstem
55
Vertebral arteries are prone to ______ force injuries due to abrupt cervical rotation or extension
shear force
56
Partial blockage of the basilar artery can cause....
tetraplegia, numbness, loss of consciousness, cranial nerve damage Locked in syndrome
57
Anterior cerebral artery stroke are likely to cause....
Contralateral lower extremity issues Personality changes
58
Middle cerebral artery strokes are likely to cause
Language defects in the L brain Spatial awareness defects/ nonverbal communication in the R brain Also affects contralateral face and upper extremity
59
A posterior cerebral stroke can cause....
Loss of Eye movements Cortical blindness declarative memory (hippocampus) Pain, hemiparesis, hemisensory loss (thalamus)
60
Watershed areas of the brain are vulnerable to _______
border-zone regions in the brain supplied by the major cerebral arteries where blood supply is decreased Vulnerable to ischemia
61
identify this herniation and what tissue does it press against
cingulate herniation pressure against falx cerebri
62
Identify this herniation and what it causes
Uncus hernation causes pressure to midbrain and CN3 loss of conciousness
63
Identify this herniation and what it causes
Central herniation Pressure against midbrain moving it and pons down Impaired oculomotor function, stretching of basiliar artery
64
Identify this herniation and what it causes
Tonsillar herniation pressure on brainstem
65
What do they use to drain fluid from a patient with hydrocephalus
ventriculoperitoneal shunt
66
What 2 structures receive the most dedicated space in the motor homunculus
Face and hands
67
What structures have the most dedicated space on the sensory homunculus
The lips/tongue/throat also the feet
68
True or false: The distribution between body parts of the sensory/motor in the homunculus is fixed when you're born
False, it changes based on the amount of sensory received in your life example: if you lose your hand that part will shrink
69
Take a moment to review the venous flow
Good work soldier
70
What kind of herniation puts pressure on CN3?
Uncal herniation

Christina (74 decks)

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