CP LEC 2: CMD Flashcards
What is the most common cause of pulmonary congestion and edema
Heart failure
Coronary artery disease is the second most common cause of _____
Cardiac muscle disease
Scar formation at ischemic areas of the ventricle can cause
Poor compliance, decrease filling and decreased contractility
What is the main issue with arrhythmias?
Drop in cardiac output
What is more life threatening? Supraventricular tachycardia or ventricular tachycardia
Ventricular tachycardia is life threatening.
The principle treatment of renal insufficiency (due to fluid overload) is to…
Reduce reabsorption of fluid at kidneys, maintain electrolyte balance
During severe renal insufficiency, you will see Azotemia which is….
High blood content of nitrogen compounds such as
Urea
Creatinine
bc kidney cant filter them out
During severe renal insufficiency, what happens in regard to BUN and Sympathetic nervous system activity
Increased BUN (blood urea nitrogen)
Increased sympathetic nervous system activity to increase BP
What are the three types of cardiomyopathies
Dilated
Hypertrophic
Restrictive
What is a primary cause of cardiomyopathy
Idiopathic mechanisms
What is a secondary cause of cardiomyopathy
Prolonged HTN
Metabolic Disorder
heart valve problems
Arrhythmia
What is HFrEF and what is the cause
Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Heart Failure with reduced Ejection Fraction (<40%)
*systolic issues
Due to metabolic problems, toxicity from alcohol abuse, infections, genetic predisposition
When you have dilated cardiomyopathy how is the left ventricular end-diastolic volume effected
Increased
Note: impaired frank starling mechanism, reduced contractility
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathies
Mainly a diastolic issue. From an enlarged heart. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Muscle cells are disorganized, inefficient pump
During hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, you have increased pressure in the….
Left atrium, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary capillaries
(Increased left end diastolic volume)
What kind of cardiomyopathies are common in young athletes
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathies
The disorganized, malalignment of cardiac cells in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a risk for
fatal arrhythmias
What is restrictive cardiomyopathies?
myocardial fibrosis
similar to hypertrophic which often develops
diastolic dysfxn
Causes of restrictive cardiomyoptahies
Cardiac amyloidosis (proteins that thicken heart walls)
diseases of the heart lining (endocardoum) such as endomyocardial fibrosis
scarring after radiation or chemo
sarcoidosis
scleroderma (hardening of CT)
tumors
When you have a heart valve abnormality how can it effect the Cardiac muscles
It produces Cardiac muscle disease due to impaired relaxation
heart muscles have to work harder to pump the blood through
valvular insufficiency vs stenosis
Insufficiency - valve doesn’t close all the way and allows blood to back flow
stenosis - valve is narrowed or blocked, decreasing BF through the valve
Mitral valve incompetency dilates the _____
Left atria
Tricuspid valve incompetency dilates the _____
Right atria
Aortic valve incompetency dilates the ______
Left ventrical