Neuro: Lecture 7 - Brainstem Flashcards
What are the 3 longitudinal divisions of the brainstem?
Basilar - front
Tegmentum - middle
Tectum - back
The tectum is only found in the….
Midbrain
Tectum
posterior
reflexive movements
*only in midbrain
tegmentum
Middle
sensory
reticular formation
adjusts the general level of activity throughout the nervous system
Basilar
Anterior
motor
What is the basis pedunculi?
Basilar portion of midbrain
-anterior
-motor
substantia nigra
one of the nuclei in the basal ganglia circuit
What is the midbrain tegmentum?
Middle
sensory
what is the pedunculopontine nucleus?
it is part of the basal ganglia circuit and regulates muscle tone
what does the medial longitudinal fasiculus do?
it controls coordination of the L/R eye movements
what does the periaqueductal gray do?
it surrounds the cerebral aqueduct
nociceptive inhibition
coordinates reactions to pain, threats, and emotion
What is the midbrain tectum
Posterior
relfexive movements
What does the superior colliculus do?
motor and sensory info to orient head and eyes
What does the inferior colliculus do?
relays info from cochlear nerve to superior colliculus and thalamus
The pretectal area of the midbrain does what?
mediates eye reflexes
What is the red nucleus?
a sphere of gray ma tter that is part of a cognitive- motor circuit involving the cerebral cortex motor areas, inferior olive, cerebellum, and red nucleus
What cranial nerve nuclei are found in the midbrain tegmentum
3 and 4
what is the only cranial nerve that exits posteriorly?
CN IV
what forms the wall of the 4th ventricle?
pons
what forms the posterior wall of the 4th ventricle?
cerebellum
What 2 tracts synapse in the pons? Most of the tracts do not
corticopontine tract
corticobrainstem tract
corticopontine tract course
Synapse on pontine nuclei -> pontocerebellar fibers -> middle cerebellar peduncle -> synapse in contralateral cerebellar hemisphere
corticobrainstem tract course
synapses with trigeminal motor nucleus and facial nucleus