Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

When can you give insulin for type 2 DM

Answer 1

Destruction on pancreatic beta cells

Question 2

exist as monomers why they are absorbed

Given immediately before meals

Answer 2

Rapid acting insulins

Question 3

Soluble insulin that can be given through IV

Answer 3

Short acting

Question 4

Delayed or given in between meals

Answer 4

Intermediate acting insulin

Question 5

Preparations of intermediate insulin

Answer 5

NPH
Lente insulin
Protamine zinc

Question 6

Slow onset and flat peak - basal insulin

Answer 6

Long acting insulin

Question 7

Oldest and has peak

Contain Zinc suspension

Answer 7

Ultralente insulin

Question 8

Analog of NPH
Peakless insulin
Given once a day
Painful when injected
Not mixed with other insulin

Answer 8

Insulin glargin

Lantus

Question 9

Ultra long acting insulin
Can be mixed with other insulin

Acylating desb30

Answer 9

Insulin degludec

Tresiba

Question 10

Most common complication of insulin

Answer 10

Hypoglycemia

Question 11

Basal insulin can prevent catabolism which can prevent

Answer 11

Ketosis

Unregulated amino acid release

Question 12

Significant minor side effect of sulfonylureas

Answer 12

Weight gain

Question 13

MoA of Sulfonylureas

Answer 13

Blocks KATP channel

Question 14

This sulfonaylureas is rapidly metabolized in the liver and can be given with elderly and renal impaired

Answer 14

Tolbutamide

Question 15

Causes prolonged hypoglycemia among elderly

Answer 15

Chlorpropamide

Question 16

AE of chlorpropamide

Answer 16

Flushing with alcohol

Hyponatremia

Question 17

Second generation of SU that is the most potent but high risk of hypoglycemia

Answer 17

Glimepiride

Question 18

Peak bloods levels within 1 hr

Control post prandial hyperglycemia

Answer 18

Megletinide

Repaglinide
Mitiglinide
Nateglinide

Question 19

MoA of Metformin

Answer 19

Hepatic uptake of glucose and inhibit gluconeogenesis

Question 20

How does metformin improve insulin sensitivity

Answer 20

Enhancing tyrosine kinase activity

Question 21

How does metformin reduce hunger

Answer 21

GLP1

Question 22

Primary route of elimination of metformin

Answer 22

Kidney

Question 23

AE of metformin

Answer 23

GI disturbance
Lactic acidosis with renal problem
B12 and folate deficiency

Question 24

An agonist of PPaR and facilitate of glucose uptake

Answer 24

Thiazolidinedione
Rosiglitazone
Pioglitazone

Question 25

AE of TZD

Answer 25

Water retention

Question 26

This is best used for post prandial hyperglycemia Failed on diet and exercise Competitive inhibitor of oligo at upper small intestine

Answer 26

Alpha glucosidase inhibitor

Question 27

AE of AGI

Answer 27

Hypoglycemia with insulin | Flatulence

Question 28

Used for recently disgnosed Dm2, central obesity and abnormal metabolic profile

Answer 28

GLP 1 agonist

Question 29

AE of exenatide

Answer 29

Mild to moderate GI effect

Question 30

GLP A1 can lower HBA1C | Body weight

Answer 30

Liraglutide

Question 31

Fat rich meal | Impact of postprandial lipid levels

Answer 31

DPP 4 inhibitor

Question 32

Rare AE of DPP4

Answer 32

Acute pancreatitis

Question 33

Effective with advance stages of type 2 DM Provide modest weight loss and blood pressure reduction

Answer 33

Sglt inhibitor Canaglifozin Dapaglifozin Empagliflozin

Question 34

AE of sglt inhibitor

Answer 34

UTI Genital mycosis Ketoacidosis

Question 35

MoA of Amylinomimetics

Answer 35

Delay gastric emptying Suppress pancreatic glucan Enhances satiety

Question 36

Given for type 1 dm did not reach insulin goal | Obese patient

Answer 36

Pramlintide