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IB Biology HL > D5 Hormones > Flashcards

D5 Hormones Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are secretions from the endocrine glands secreted?

A

Directly in the bloodstream

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2
Q

Name major endocrine glands

A

Pancreas
Adrenal
Thyroid
Pineal
Gonads

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3
Q

What are neuroendocrine glands?

A

Glands which link the nervous and endocrine system

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4
Q

Name both neuroendocrine glands

A

Hypothalamus
Pituitary

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5
Q

Where is melatonin secreted from?

A

Pineal gland

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6
Q

Where are FSH and LH secreted from?

A

Anterior Pituitary gland

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7
Q

Where is ADH secreted from?

A

Posterior Pituitary gland

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7
Q

Where is growth hormone secreted from?

A

Pituitary gland

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8
Q

Where is oxytocin secreted from?

A

Anterior Pituitary gland

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9
Q

Where is prolactin secreted from?

A

Anterior Pituitary gland

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10
Q

Where is thyroxin secreted from?

A

Thyroid gland

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11
Q

Where is adrenaline secreted from?

A

Adrenal gland

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12
Q

Where is cortisol secreted from?

A

Adrenal gland

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13
Q

Where is insulin secreted from?

A

Pancreas

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14
Q

Where is glucagon secreted from?

A

Pancreas

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15
Q

Where are oestrogen and progesterone secreted from?

A

Ovaries

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16
Q

Where is testosterone secreted from?

A

Testes

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17
Q

What is the function of melatonin?

A

Biological clock

18
Q

What is the function of FSH/LH?

A

Menstrual cycle

19
Q

What is the function of ADH?

A

Osmoregulation

20
Q

What is the function of growth hormone?

A

Growth and division

21
Q

What is the function of oxytocin?

A

Birth contractions

22
Q

What is the function of prolactin?

A

Milk production

23
Q

What is the function of adreneneline?

A

Fight or flight

24
Q

What is the function of cortisol?

A

Anti-stress

25
Q

What is the function of insulin/glucagon?

A

Blood sugar levels

26
Q

What is the function of oestrogen/progesterone?

A

Menstrual cycle and pregnancy

27
Q

What is the function of testosterone?

A

Male characteristics

28
Q

What is a feature of steroid hormones?

A

Lipophilic

29
Q

How do steroids hormones work on the nucleus?

A

Diffuse across the plasma membrane and bind to a receptor where they bind directly to DNA as a transcription factor for gene expression

30
Q

What are some examples of steroid hormones?

A

Oestrogen
Testosterone
Progesterone

31
Q

What is a feature of peptide hormones?

A

Hydrophilic

32
Q

How do peptide hormones work on the nucleus?

A

They bind to receptors on the cell surface activating intramolecular messengers (transduction)

33
Q

What are some examples of peptide hormones?

A

Insulin
Glucagon
ADH
Oxytocin

34
Q

How are the pituitary and hypothalamus connected?

A

Direct portal blood system

35
Q

What is the function of the anterior pituitary lobe?

A

Hypothalamus produces releasing factors which are released into the portal vessel by neurosecretory cells which causes the anterior pituitary to release a specific hormone to the bloodstream

36
Q

What is the function of the posterior pituitary lobe?

A

Releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus directly

37
Q

What is the function of growth hormone?

A

Reduces formation of adipose cells
Increases muscle mass and bone size

38
Q

What kind of hormone is growth hormone?

A

Anabolic peptide hormone

39
Q

What does prolactin do?

A

Responsible for the development of mammary glands and milk production

40
Q

Which hormone inhibits prolactin?

A

Progesterone

41
Q

What is the function of oxytocin?

A

Release of milk

42
Q

What triggers the release of oxytocin?

A

Suckling infant

IB Biology HL (35 decks)

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