D5 Hormones Flashcards
Where are secretions from the endocrine glands secreted?
Directly in the bloodstream
Name major endocrine glands
Pancreas
Adrenal
Thyroid
Pineal
Gonads
What are neuroendocrine glands?
Glands which link the nervous and endocrine system
Name both neuroendocrine glands
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Where is melatonin secreted from?
Pineal gland
Where are FSH and LH secreted from?
Anterior Pituitary gland
Where is ADH secreted from?
Posterior Pituitary gland
Where is growth hormone secreted from?
Pituitary gland
Where is oxytocin secreted from?
Anterior Pituitary gland
Where is prolactin secreted from?
Anterior Pituitary gland
Where is thyroxin secreted from?
Thyroid gland
Where is adrenaline secreted from?
Adrenal gland
Where is cortisol secreted from?
Adrenal gland
Where is insulin secreted from?
Pancreas
Where is glucagon secreted from?
Pancreas
Where are oestrogen and progesterone secreted from?
Ovaries
Where is testosterone secreted from?
Testes
What is the function of melatonin?
Biological clock
What is the function of FSH/LH?
Menstrual cycle
What is the function of ADH?
Osmoregulation
What is the function of growth hormone?
Growth and division
What is the function of oxytocin?
Birth contractions
What is the function of prolactin?
Milk production
What is the function of adreneneline?
Fight or flight
What is the function of cortisol?
Anti-stress
What is the function of insulin/glucagon?
Blood sugar levels
What is the function of oestrogen/progesterone?
Menstrual cycle and pregnancy
What is the function of testosterone?
Male characteristics
What is a feature of steroid hormones?
Lipophilic
How do steroids hormones work on the nucleus?
Diffuse across the plasma membrane and bind to a receptor where they bind directly to DNA as a transcription factor for gene expression
What are some examples of steroid hormones?
Oestrogen
Testosterone
Progesterone
What is a feature of peptide hormones?
Hydrophilic
How do peptide hormones work on the nucleus?
They bind to receptors on the cell surface activating intramolecular messengers (transduction)
What are some examples of peptide hormones?
Insulin
Glucagon
ADH
Oxytocin
How are the pituitary and hypothalamus connected?
Direct portal blood system
What is the function of the anterior pituitary lobe?
Hypothalamus produces releasing factors which are released into the portal vessel by neurosecretory cells which causes the anterior pituitary to release a specific hormone to the bloodstream
What is the function of the posterior pituitary lobe?
Releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus directly
What is the function of growth hormone?
Reduces formation of adipose cells
Increases muscle mass and bone size
What kind of hormone is growth hormone?
Anabolic peptide hormone
What does prolactin do?
Responsible for the development of mammary glands and milk production
Which hormone inhibits prolactin?
Progesterone
What is the function of oxytocin?
Release of milk
What triggers the release of oxytocin?
Suckling infant
