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IB Biology HL > 6.2 The Blood systems > Flashcards

6.2 The Blood systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of arteries?

A

Narrow central lumen
Endothelium
Thick inner layer of muscle and elastin
Thick outer layer of collagen

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2
Q

What are the three types of capillaries?

A

Continuous
Fenestrated (porous)
Sinusoid (intercellular gaps and incomplete base membrane)

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3
Q

Where can fenestrated capillaries be found?

A

Intestine and kidney for absorption

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4
Q

Where can sinusoid capillaries be found?

A

Liver for absorption of larger molecules

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5
Q

What are the layers of a vein?

A

Wide lumen
Endothelium
Thin layer of muscle and elastin
Think outer layer of collagen

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6
Q

How do vein valves open?

A

Skeletal muscle contractions put pressure on the vein, forcing open the valves

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7
Q

What is the name of the left atrioventricular (AV) valve?

A

Bicuspid valve

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8
Q

What is the name of the right atrioventricular (AV) valve?

A

Tricuspid valve

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9
Q

What is the name of the left semilunar valve?

A

Aortic valve

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10
Q

What is the name of the right semilunar valve?

A

Pulmonary valve

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11
Q

What does “heart contractions are myogenic” mean?

A

They rise from within

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12
Q

Where is the Sinoatrial node (SA node)?

A

Right atrium

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13
Q

What is the function of the SA node?

A

Normal sinus rhythm

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14
Q

What is normal sinus rhythm?

A

60-100bpm

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15
Q

If the SA node fails what takes over?

A

AV (atrioventricular) node at 40-60bpm

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16
Q

If the AV node fails what takes over?

A

His bundle at 30-40 bpm

17
Q

What does sinus rhtythm mean?

A

Cardiac cells contracting in unison

18
Q

What does fibrillation mean?

A

Cardiac cells contracting independently (bad)

19
Q

Describe one full cardiac contraction

A

SA node sends impulse stimulating the contraction of the myocardium causing the atria to contract
AV node triggered and sends signals down the septum to the nerve bundle (Bundle of His)
The Bundle of His innervated the Purkinje fibres and there is a ventricular contraction

20
Q

What are the myocardium?

A

Cardiac muscle cells

21
Q

What does the sympathetic nerve cause?

A

Increase HR

22
Q

What does the parasympathetic nerve cause?

A

Decrease HR

23
Q

What is the function of adrenaline?

A

Increase HR

24
Q

Where is adrenaline produced?

A

Adrenal glands

25
Q

What causes the lub sound?

A

Closing of the AV valves

26
Q

What causes the dub sound?

A

Closing of the semilunar valves

27
Q

What is systole?

A

Contraction of a heart chamber

28
Q

What is diastole?

A

Relaxation of a heart chamber

29
Q

What may happen if a thrombus becomes dislodged from an atherosclerotic plaque?

A

It may become embolus and block smaller arterioles

IB Biology HL (35 decks)

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