6.6 Homeostasis Flashcards
What hormone is released when glucose levels are high?
Insulin
Where is insulin released?
Beta cells in the pancreas
How does the body respond to insulin?
Stimulating glycogenesis
Promoting glucose uptake by the liver
Increase the rate of respiration
Describe glycogenesis
The process of producing glycogen to store glucose
How does the body respond to low glucose levels
Glucagon is released from the alpha cells in the pancreas
How does the body respond to glucagon?
Stimulating glycogenolysis
Promoting glucose release from the liver
Decreasing respiration rate
Describe gycogenolysis
Breakdown of glycogen
Describe Type I diabetes
Beta cells do not produce insulin
Describe Type II diabetes
Over-exposure leads to the de-sensitisation of the insulin receptor
Where is thyroxin released
Thyroid gland
What is the primary function of thyroxin?
Increase basal metabolic rate by stimulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism via the oxidation of glucose and fatty acids
What hormone can be used to control body temperature?
Thyroxin
What is the function of Leptin?
Regulates fat stores within the body by supressing appetite
Where is Leptin produced?
Adipose cells
What are cases of obesity linked to Leptin usually caused by?
Leptin unresponsiveness
Where is melatonin released from?
Pineal gland
When is melatonin released?
When there is a change to the light in the surroundings
What inhibits Melatonin?
Light
What is the circadian rhythms
The body’s 24 hour physiological responses the the 24 hour day-night cycle
What is the function of the testes?
Responsible for sperm production and testosterone
What is the function of the epididymis?
Where sperm mature before ejaculation
What is the function of the vas deferens?
Tube which conducts sperm from testes to prostate gland and urethra during ejaculation
What is the function of the prostate gland?
Secretes alkaline fluid to neutralise vagina acids - necessary for sperm viability
What is the function of the urethra?
Conducts sperm/ semen from the prostate to the outside of the body via penis
What is the function of the ovaries?
Where oocytes mature prior to release (ovulation) and is responsible for the secretion of progesterone and estrogen
What is the function of the Fimbriae?
Fringe tissue adjacent to the ovary that sweep an oocyte into the oviduct
What is the function of the oviduct?
(The fallopian tube) transports the oocyte to the uterus and is typically where fertilisation occurs
What is the function of the uterus?
An organ where fertilised egg will be implanted
What is the function of the endometrium?
Mucous membrane lining the uterus
What is the function of the vagina?
Passage leading to the uterus from the cervix
Where is FSH secreted?
Anterior pituitary
Where is LH secreted?
Anterior pituitary
Where is Oestrogen secreted?
Ovaries
Where is progesterone secreted?
Progesterone
What is the function of FSH?
Stimulates follicular growth and oestrogen secretion
What is the function of LH?
Cause ovulation
Results in the formation of the corpus luteum
What is the function of oestrogen?
Thickens endometrium
Inhibits FSH and LH except for pre-ovulation
What is the function of progesterone?
Thickens the uterine lining
Inhibits FHS and LH
