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IB Biology HL > 6.6 Homeostasis > Flashcards

6.6 Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What hormone is released when glucose levels are high?

A

Insulin

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2
Q

Where is insulin released?

A

Beta cells in the pancreas

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3
Q

How does the body respond to insulin?

A

Stimulating glycogenesis
Promoting glucose uptake by the liver
Increase the rate of respiration

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4
Q

Describe glycogenesis

A

The process of producing glycogen to store glucose

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5
Q

How does the body respond to low glucose levels

A

Glucagon is released from the alpha cells in the pancreas

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6
Q

How does the body respond to glucagon?

A

Stimulating glycogenolysis
Promoting glucose release from the liver
Decreasing respiration rate

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7
Q

Describe gycogenolysis

A

Breakdown of glycogen

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8
Q

Describe Type I diabetes

A

Beta cells do not produce insulin

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9
Q

Describe Type II diabetes

A

Over-exposure leads to the de-sensitisation of the insulin receptor

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10
Q

Where is thyroxin released

A

Thyroid gland

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11
Q

What is the primary function of thyroxin?

A

Increase basal metabolic rate by stimulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism via the oxidation of glucose and fatty acids

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12
Q

What hormone can be used to control body temperature?

A

Thyroxin

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13
Q

What is the function of Leptin?

A

Regulates fat stores within the body by supressing appetite

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14
Q

Where is Leptin produced?

A

Adipose cells

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15
Q

What are cases of obesity linked to Leptin usually caused by?

A

Leptin unresponsiveness

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16
Q

Where is melatonin released from?

A

Pineal gland

17
Q

When is melatonin released?

A

When there is a change to the light in the surroundings

18
Q

What inhibits Melatonin?

A

Light

19
Q

What is the circadian rhythms

A

The body’s 24 hour physiological responses the the 24 hour day-night cycle

20
Q

What is the function of the testes?

A

Responsible for sperm production and testosterone

21
Q

What is the function of the epididymis?

A

Where sperm mature before ejaculation

22
Q

What is the function of the vas deferens?

A

Tube which conducts sperm from testes to prostate gland and urethra during ejaculation

23
Q

What is the function of the prostate gland?

A

Secretes alkaline fluid to neutralise vagina acids - necessary for sperm viability

24
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A

Conducts sperm/ semen from the prostate to the outside of the body via penis

25
Q

What is the function of the ovaries?

A

Where oocytes mature prior to release (ovulation) and is responsible for the secretion of progesterone and estrogen

26
Q

What is the function of the Fimbriae?

A

Fringe tissue adjacent to the ovary that sweep an oocyte into the oviduct

27
Q

What is the function of the oviduct?

A

(The fallopian tube) transports the oocyte to the uterus and is typically where fertilisation occurs

28
Q

What is the function of the uterus?

A

An organ where fertilised egg will be implanted

29
Q

What is the function of the endometrium?

A

Mucous membrane lining the uterus

30
Q

What is the function of the vagina?

A

Passage leading to the uterus from the cervix

31
Q

Where is FSH secreted?

A

Anterior pituitary

32
Q

Where is LH secreted?

A

Anterior pituitary

33
Q

Where is Oestrogen secreted?

A

Ovaries

34
Q

Where is progesterone secreted?

A

Progesterone

35
Q

What is the function of FSH?

A

Stimulates follicular growth and oestrogen secretion

36
Q

What is the function of LH?

A

Cause ovulation
Results in the formation of the corpus luteum

37
Q

What is the function of oestrogen?

A

Thickens endometrium
Inhibits FSH and LH except for pre-ovulation

38
Q

What is the function of progesterone?

A

Thickens the uterine lining
Inhibits FHS and LH

IB Biology HL (35 decks)

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