6.1 Digestion Flashcards
Define aliementary canal
Organs food actually passes through
Define accessory organs
Organs which aid in the digestion of food
Name the alimentary canal
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
(rectum/anus)
Name the accessory organs
Salivary gland
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas
Where does mechanical digestion occur?
Mouth (chewing)
Stomach (churning)
Via which processes can food move through the body?
Peristalsis
Segmentation
Describe peristalsis
Longitudinal contractions to push food through the digestive system
Describe segmentation
Muscles contract and relax in segments creating bi directional motion in a circular motion
Which food moving process is faster?
Peristalsis
What is the function of bile?
Bile salts interact with fat globules to emulsify them
Where does salivary amylase work?
Mouth and oesophagus
What does salivary amylase break down?
Starch -> Maltose
Where does protease work?
Stomach
Where does stomach acid work???????!!!
STOMACH (shocking)
What does stomach acid do?
Chemical digestion
Where are bile salts produced?
Liver and stored in gall bladder
What is the function of bile salts?
Emulsification of lipids
Where is amylase produced (digests maltase)?
Pancreas
(works in the small intestine)
Where is lipase produced?
Pancreas
(works in the small intestine)
Where is endopeptidase produced?
Pancreas
(works in the small intestine)
Where is nuclease produced?
Pancreas
(works in the small intestine)
Where are bicarbonate ions produced?
Pancreas
(works in the small intestine)
What digestive enzymes are present in the small intestines?
A plethora of membrane bound enzymes
What is absorbed by the large intestine?
Water and mineral
Name the 4 layers of the small intestine
(Innermost) Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscle layer
(Outermost) Serosa
What is the function of the serosa (small intestine)?
Protective covering on the outside
What is the function of the muscle layer (small intestine)?
There are two layers
Outermost -> smooth muscle for peristalsis (longitudinal contractions)
Innermost -> segmented muscle for segmented movement (circular motion)
What is the function of the submucosa(small intestine)?
A connective tissue that separates the muscle from the mucosa
What is the function of the mucosa?
Highly folded (with villi and microvilli) inner layer which absorbs material
What is the name of the vesicles in the small intestine that non-specifically uptake fluids and dissolved fluids?
Pinocytotic vesicles
What are the 4 types of membrane transport in the small intestine?
Osmosis
Co transport
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
In the small intestine which molecule is absorbed by osmosis?
Water
In the small intestine which molecules are absorbed by co transport?
Glucose and amino acids
In the small intestine which molecule is absorbed by simple diffusion?
Triglycerides
In the small intestine which molecule is absorbed by facilitated diffusion?
Monosaccharide
What membrane mechanism is used for bulk transport?
Endocytosis
Which monosaccharides make up sucrose?
Glucose + Fructose
Which monosaccharides make up maltose?
2x Glucose
Which monosaccharides make up lactose?
Glucose + Galactose
What are the 2 types of starch?
Amylose
Amylopectin
Which disaccharide ultimately forms amylose?
Maltose
Which disaccharide ultimately forms amylopectin?
Dextrin
What is the function of insulin?
Glucose -> Glycogen
Where is glycogen stored?
Adipose tissues
What is the function of glucagon?
Glycogen -> Glucose
