6.1 Digestion Flashcards by Radha Castellino Dominguez | Brainscape

Q

Define aliementary canal

A

Organs food actually passes through

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Q

Define accessory organs

A

Organs which aid in the digestion of food

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Q

Name the alimentary canal

A

Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
(rectum/anus)

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Q

Name the accessory organs

A

Salivary gland
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas

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Q

Where does mechanical digestion occur?

A

Mouth (chewing)
Stomach (churning)

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Q

Via which processes can food move through the body?

A

Peristalsis
Segmentation

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Q

Describe peristalsis

A

Longitudinal contractions to push food through the digestive system

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Q

Describe segmentation

A

Muscles contract and relax in segments creating bi directional motion in a circular motion

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Q

Which food moving process is faster?

A

Peristalsis

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Q

What is the function of bile?

A

Bile salts interact with fat globules to emulsify them

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Q

Where does salivary amylase work?

A

Mouth and oesophagus

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Q

What does salivary amylase break down?

A

Starch -> Maltose

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Q

Where does protease work?

A

Stomach

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Q

Where does stomach acid work???????!!!

A

STOMACH (shocking)

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Q

What does stomach acid do?

A

Chemical digestion

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Q

Where are bile salts produced?

A

Liver and stored in gall bladder

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Q

What is the function of bile salts?

A

Emulsification of lipids

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Q

Where is amylase produced (digests maltase)?

A

Pancreas
(works in the small intestine)

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Q

Where is lipase produced?

A

Pancreas
(works in the small intestine)

Q

Where is endopeptidase produced?

A

Pancreas
(works in the small intestine)

Q

Where is nuclease produced?

A

Pancreas
(works in the small intestine)

Q

Where are bicarbonate ions produced?

A

Pancreas
(works in the small intestine)

Q

What digestive enzymes are present in the small intestines?

A

A plethora of membrane bound enzymes

Q

What is absorbed by the large intestine?

A

Water and mineral

Q

Name the 4 layers of the small intestine

A

(Innermost) Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscle layer
(Outermost) Serosa

Q

What is the function of the serosa (small intestine)?

A

Protective covering on the outside

Q

What is the function of the muscle layer (small intestine)?

A

There are two layers
Outermost -> smooth muscle for peristalsis (longitudinal contractions)
Innermost -> segmented muscle for segmented movement (circular motion)

Q

What is the function of the submucosa(small intestine)?

A

A connective tissue that separates the muscle from the mucosa

Q

What is the function of the mucosa?

A

Highly folded (with villi and microvilli) inner layer which absorbs material

Q

What is the name of the vesicles in the small intestine that non-specifically uptake fluids and dissolved fluids?

A

Pinocytotic vesicles

Q

What are the 4 types of membrane transport in the small intestine?

A

Osmosis
Co transport
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion

Q

In the small intestine which molecule is absorbed by osmosis?

A

Water

Q

In the small intestine which molecules are absorbed by co transport?

A

Glucose and amino acids

Q

In the small intestine which molecule is absorbed by simple diffusion?

A

Triglycerides

Q

In the small intestine which molecule is absorbed by facilitated diffusion?

A

Monosaccharide

Q

What membrane mechanism is used for bulk transport?

A

Endocytosis

Q

Which monosaccharides make up sucrose?

A

Glucose + Fructose

Q

Which monosaccharides make up maltose?

A

2x Glucose

Q

Which monosaccharides make up lactose?

A

Glucose + Galactose

Q

What are the 2 types of starch?

A

Amylose
Amylopectin

Q

Which disaccharide ultimately forms amylose?

A

Maltose

Q

Which disaccharide ultimately forms amylopectin?

A

Dextrin

Q

What is the function of insulin?

A

Glucose -> Glycogen

Q

Where is glycogen stored?

A

Adipose tissues

Q

What is the function of glucagon?

A

Glycogen -> Glucose