4 Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

Define species

A

Groups of organisms who can produce fertile, viable offspring

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2
Q

Define population

A

Group of organisms of the same species

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3
Q

Define community

A

Group of populations interacting in a given area

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4
Q

Define autotrphs

A

Synthesis their own organic molecules
Undergo photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

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5
Q

Define heterotrophs

A

Consume other organisms

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6
Q

Define mixotrophs

A

Consume other organisms but can also synthesis their own organic molecules

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of heterotroph?

A

Consumer
Detritivores
Saprotrophs

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8
Q

Describe the digestion of sapotrophs

A

Excrete digesting enzymes and then absorb nutrients

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9
Q

Describe a mesocosm

A

Enclosed environment that allows a small part of a natural environment to be observed, undisturbed

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10
Q

Describe a mesocosm

A

Enclosed environment that allows a small part of a natural environment to be observed, undisturbed

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11
Q

What is the chi squared test

A

Can be applied to data from quadrat sampling to determine statistical significance between the distributions of both species

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12
Q

What are the steps of a chi squared test?

A
  1. Identify hypothesis
  2. Construct a table of frequencies (observed vs expected)
  3. Apply the chi-squared formula
  4. Determine the degrees of freedom (df)
  5. Identify the p value
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13
Q

What are the rows and columns of a chi-squared table of frequencies?

A

One species is along the top and the other along the bottom with categories (such as present and absent) for each as well as totals observed

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14
Q

How is expected frequency calculated?

A

Expected frequency = (row total x column total) + grand total

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15
Q

What is the chi-squared equation?

A

x^2 = the sum of (observed frequency - expected frequency)^2 / expected frequency

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16
Q

What is the calculation for the degrees of freedom?

A

df=(m-1)(n-1)
m=number of rows
n= number of columns

17
Q

Below which number must a p-value be to be considered statistically significant enough to discard the null hypothesis?

A

0.05

18
Q

What is the equation to produce the bicarbonate ion?

A

CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3 -> HCO3(-) + H(+)
CaCO3 -> Ca(2+) + CO3(2-)
CO3(2-) + H(+) -> HCO3(-)

19
Q

What does hydrolysis do?

A

Polymer -> Monomer

20
Q

What does acidogenesis do?

A

Monomer -> Alcohol

21
Q

What does acetogenesis do?

A

Alcohols -> Acetate

22
Q

What does methanogenesis do?

A

Acetate -> Methane