D1 Human nutrition Flashcards
What are the 6 classes of nutrients?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
What is defined as an essential nutrient?
One that can not be synthesised by the body and must be ingested as part of the diet
What is defined as an essential nutrient?
One that can not be synthesised by the body and must be ingested as part of the diet
Are carbohydrates essential?
No as humans can find energy from other sources
Define malnutrition
Health condition caused by a deficiency, imbalance or excess of nutrients in the diet
What are the three forms of malnutrition?
Stunting (too short for age)
Wasting (too think for age)
Obesity (overweight)
What is the equation for working out the energy in food?
Energy (J) = Mass of water (g) x 4.2 (J/gC) x Temperture increase (C)
What is the relative energy of fats to carbohydrates or proteins?
Double
What are conditionally non essential amino acids?
Can be produced by the body but at lower than certain conditional requirements and thus must sometimes be consumed
What is PKU?
Phenylketonuria is a genetic condition that impairs production of phenylalanine which is needed to breakdown phenylamine which can be toxic
Which two cis polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential?
Alpha-linolenic acid (omega 3) and linolenic acid (omega 6)
What does LDL do?
Low density lipoproteins carry cholesterol from the liver to the body
What does HDL do?
Carry excess cholesterol back to the liver for disposal
How are water soluble vitamins stored in the body?
They can’t be as they are lost in urine
(e.g.: B, C etc…)
How are fat soluble vitamins stored in the body?
In adipose cells
(e.g.: A, D, E, K etc…)
What is abscorbic acid?
A form of vitamin C
What disease occurs from vitamin C deficiency?
Scurvy
When does the body produce vitamin D?
When a chemical precursor is exposed to UV light
What is vitamin D deficiency called?
Rickets
What is vitamin D involved in?
Calcium and phosphorus absorption
What minerals are important for heathy teeth and bones?
Ca
P
Mg
What minerals are important components of bodily fluids?
Na
K
Cl
What minerals are important for cofactors for specific enzymes/proteins/hormones?
Fe
P
I
What is Mg important for in plants?
Important component of chlorophyll
What is K important for in plants?
Used to maintain the water potential in sal
What is Ca important for in plants
Important for plant root and shoot elongation
What does leptose do?
Inhibit appetite
What does insulin do (in terms of appetite)?
Inhibit appetite
What does ghrelin do?
Increases appetite
Where is the appetite control centre?
Hypothalamus
Where is leptin released from?
Adipose tssue
Where is leptin released from?
Adipose tissue
Where is ghrelin released from?
Stomach
