CVA Flashcards
What are two ways a CVA can occur?
From a hemorrhage which is less common and from a thrombus which is more common
What are some modifiable risk factors for CVA?
HTN Hyperlipidemia Atherosclerosis Smoking DM
What are non-modifiable risk factors for CVA?
Ageing
Males
Prior strokes
Family history
What is the General patho of a stroke?
The brain relies on oxygen and glucose to function and without either neurons die
Can the brain metabolize anaerobically?
No
What is an ischemic strike also known as?
White stroke
What is a hemorrhagic stroke also known as?
Red stroke
What is the patho for an ischemic stroke?
A vessel is occluded or obstructed by a thrombus leading to focal ischemia-> a necrotic core forms with a penumbra surrounding it
What tissue is salvageable in a stroke?
The penumbra
What is focal ischemia in CVA?
Small area of the brain affected because a small vessel was affected
What is global ischemia in CVA?
A larger part of the brain affected because a large vessel has been affected
Why is there a penumbra in strokes?
The penumbra is being supplied from other small vessels not just the main one that was occluded however if not treated the necrotic core grows larger until it fills in the area that was the penumbra
What is the patho of a hemorrhagic stroke?
Vessel is severed -> hemorrhage -> increase icp -> brain compression
What are complications of a hemorrhagic stroke?(2)
Coma and death
What is the etiology for hemorrhagic strokes?(4)
HTN
Ageing
Tumor
Aneurysm
What is a TIA?
A mini stroke that is of a brief and acute neurological deficit
Is there permanent damage in a TIA?
No. TIAs reverse themself before infarct occurs.
What is a TIA a result from … Focal or global ischemia?
Focal
What is the patho of a TIA?
Vessel is unable to deliver adequate blood for a short period of time -> ischemia but not infarct
What are the two main causes of TIAs?
Atherosclerosis
Vasospasm
A TIA is a warning sign that what may occur?
A stroke
What are mnft of CVA?
Difficulty articulating, speech alteration, visual impairment in 1 eye, one sided weakness in face, arm and/or leg
What do the manifestations of a CVA depend on?
The area of the brain that is affected
What is the primary goal for someone having a stroke?
Brain preservation = life preservation
How is a CVA diagnosed?
Labs (CBC, INR, lipids)
EEG
CT
MRI
What is the treatment for a CVA?(5?
Antiplatelets (not for hemorrhage)
TPA (not for hemorrhage)
Treat CV risk factors (statins, antihypertentsives)
Surgery for stenosis (narrowing of valve due to ath) surgery is called carotid endoarterectomy
Prevent recurrence and extension of thrombus (anticoagulants and anti platelets)
What is a CVA?
Acute neurological deficit related to the brain being deprived of oxygen and unable to fx d/t ischemia
