Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

252 > Coronary Artery Disease > Flashcards

Coronary Artery Disease Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: CAD disease is not a major cause of death

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the main cause of CAD?

A

Atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What types of ACS are there?

A

Unstable angina, MI, and sudden cardiac death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What types of chronic ischemic heart disease are there?

A

Stable angina and congestive heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a manifestation of coronary artery disease?

A

Angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What causes angina pectoris?

A

Atherosclerosis mainly, vasospasms, and thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the patho physiology of angina?

A

Inadequate perfusion leads to ischemia which leads to chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are manifestations of angina?

A

Chest pain which is triggered on exertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the characteristics of stable angina?

A

It deals with a fixed plaque which impedes perfusion and causes transient pain from the ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is transient pain?

A

Pain that can be relieved when the trigger is taken away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

True or false: stable angina is triggered by exertion

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the characteristics of unstable angina?

A

Deals with an unstable plaque that can burst, and if it bursts a thrombus will form as platelets aggregate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do platelets release when the aggregate on the atherosclerotic plaque and what results from it?

A

Prostaglandins which causes a vasospasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True or false: pain in unstable angina occurs only on exertion.

A

False. Pain can occur nocturnally and at rest too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is variant/vasospastic angina?

A

No atherosclerosis is present, however vasospasm occurs in the artery causing ischemia and chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When does variant/vasospastic angina occur?

A

Nocturnally and at rest

17
Q

What are manifestations of angina?

A

Squeezing or burning chest pain, sometimes accidentally thought to be heart burn or indigestion

18
Q

What subcategories of CAD are there?

A

Acute coronary syndromes (CAS) and chronic ischemic heart disease

19
Q

What is the treatment for angina?

A

Decrease activity, nitro-glycerin

20
Q

What can be prevented if you treat angina?

A

MI

21
Q

What is a myocardial infarction based on an ECG?

A

S-T Elevated MI STEMI

22
Q

Define the characteristics of a MI

A

It is the end point of CAD, it is life threatening and it has an acute onset

23
Q

What is the etiology of a MI?

A

Mainly atherosclerosis, a hemorrhage or a coronary artery spasm (any artery in the coronary circuit)

24
Q

What is the Patho of a MI?

A

Atherosclerosis leads to a complicated lesion which results in ischemia, wish ischemia anaerobic respiration happens and then metabolic acidosis which causes arrhythmias leaving the heart unable to pump properly

25
Q

What five factors determine how large an infarct is?

A

Affected vessel (how much tissue is affected)
Extent of occlusion
Duration of ischemia
Metabolic status of the heart (HR, BP, rhythm)
Collateral circulation

26
Q

What two types of MIs are there?

A

Subendocardial infarct (NSTEMI) and a transmural infarct (STEMI)

27
Q

What part of the heart is affected in a subendocardial infarct?

A

Inner 1/2 to 1/3 of the ventricle wall

28
Q

What part of the heart is affected in a transmural infarct?

A

Entire ventricle wall

29
Q

Which type of MI is more serious?

A

Transmural

30
Q

Which vessels are occluded to cause a subendocardial infarct?

A

Distal vessels, not a main artery

31
Q

Which vessels are occluded to cause a transmural infarct?

A

One main artery, it is a proximal occlusion

32
Q

What are manifestations of an MI?

A

Severe chest pain that radiates into the jaw, neck or left arm
Anxiety
Tachycardia
Nausea and vomiting

33
Q

How can you diagnose an MI?

A

ECG
Angiogram
Blood work

34
Q

What do you look for in blood work to diagnose an MI?

A

Troponin I and T
Myoglobin (carries O2 in heart muscle)
CKmb

35
Q

Treatment of an MI (STAT tx)

A

STAT medical attention
Thrombolytic & anti coag & anti arrhythmic used at same time
O2 for hypoxia
Opioids for pain

36
Q

Once stabilized what are the treatments for an MI?

A

IV diuretic
Negative inotrope
Vasodilator
ALL DEC STRESS ON HEART

Revascularization surgery (angioplasty if minimal or bypass if angioplasty is not possible)

252 (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions