Acid-Base Imbalance Flashcards

1
Q

How do we test for acid-base imbalance?

A

ABGs

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2
Q

What is alkalosis?

A

A pH greater than 7.45

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3
Q

What is acidosis?

A

A pH less than 7.35

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4
Q

What are the four types of acid-base imbalances?

A

Metabolic acidosis/alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis/acidosis

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5
Q

What is H2CO3? Does it stay in the body for long

A

It is a volatile acid that is immediately converted into C02 by the lungs

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6
Q

What is the difference between respiratory acidosis/alkalosis and metabolic acidosis/alkalosis?

A

Metabolic: involves fixed acids such as lactic acid
Respiratory: involves volatile acid

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7
Q

What is respiratory imbalance?

A

C02 elimination problem.

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8
Q

In respiratory imbalance what does impaired ventilation result in?

A

Increased levels of pC02 which leads to a decrease in pH causing respiratory acidosis

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9
Q

In respiratory imbalance what results from excess C02 elimination?

A

A decrease in pC02 lead in to an increased pH and respiratory alkalosis

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10
Q

What levels are increased or decreased in metabolic acidosis?

A

Increased fixed acid (H+) or decreased base (HC03)

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11
Q

Why is pH a critical variable?

A

Proteins can only function within a narrow pH range, they can become denatured and then loss of function occurs

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12
Q

What levels are increased or decreased in metabolic alkalosis?

A

Increased base (HC03) or decreased H+ ions

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13
Q

How do the kidneys compensate for alkalosis?

A

Reabsorption of HC03

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14
Q

Which body systems compensate for eachother and by compensation what results?

A

Lungs compensate for kidney and vice versa, normalized pH occurs

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15
Q

Tx for acid-base imbalance?

A

PO and IV solution to normalize pH, but need to treat underlying problem causing acidosis or alkalosis

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