Conceptual Knowledge QUIZ Flashcards
states that our ability to differentiate living things and artifacts depends on a memory system that distinguishes sensory attributes and a system that distinguishes functions
a) semantic category approach
b) multiple-factor approach
c) sensory functional hypothesis
d) embodied approach
c
patients were able to identify nonanimals, like furniture and tools, as well as fruits and vegetables, but had impaired ability to identify animals , which is explained as living things are distinguihsed by sensory properties and artifacts by functions
a) embodied approach
b) sensory functional hypothesis
c) semantic category approach
d) multiple-factor approach
b
Assume that we start with a large number of items selected from lists of different types of animals, plants, and artifacts. If you wanted to arrange them in terms of how similar they are to each other, how would you do it? You could arrange them by shape, but then items like a pencil, a screwdriver, a person’s finger, and a breakfast sausage might be grouped together. Or considering just color, you could end up placing fir trees, leprechauns, and Kermit the Frog together.
a) embodied approach
b) multiple-factor approach
c) semantic category approach
d) sensory functional hypothesis
b
the results of Hoffman and Lambon Ralph (2013), showed that after presentation of words, where participants were asked to rate how much each item is associated with features such as form and motion, that animals were more highly associated with motion and colour compared to artifacts and mechanical devices such as machines, vehicles, and musical instruments overlapped with both artifacts (involving performed actions) and animals (involving sound and motion).
a) embodied approach
b) multiple-factor approach
c) semantic category approach
d) sensory functional hypothesis
b
musical instruments are associated with specific actions (how you play them), which goes with artifacts, and are also associated with sensory properties (their visual form and the sounds they create), which goes with animals. Thus, musical instruments and some mechanical devices occupy a middle ground between artifacts and living things, because they can involve both action knowledge and sensory attributes.
a) semantic category approach
b) embodied approach
c) multiple factor approach
d) sensory functional hypothesis
c
proposes that there are specific neural circuits in the brain for some specific categories. According to Bradford Mahon and Alfonso Caramazza (2011), there are a limited number of categories that are innately determined because of their importance for survival. This idea is based on research, which identified areas of the brain that respond to specific types of stimuli such as faces, places, and bodies
a) embodied approach
b) multiple-factor approach
c) semantic category approach
d) sensory functional hypothesis
c
a category map created by yhe results of the Huth et al. (2016) experiment in which participants listened to stories in a scanner. where words that activated different places on the cortex and that a particular area usually responded to a number of different words
a) embodied approach
b) multiple-factor approach
c) semantic category approach
d) sensory functional hypothesis
c
the meaning of spoken language involves not only knowing about concrete categories like living things, food and placed but also abstract concepts like feelings, values and thoughts
a) embodied approach
b) multiple-factor approach
c) semantic category approach
d) sensory functional hypothesis
c
an approach in the brain is specialised to respond to specific types of stimuli and that the brains response to items from a particular category is distributed over a number of different cortical areas
a) embodied approach
b) multiple-factor approach
c) semantic category approach
d) sensory functional hypothesis
c
The words that activated a single voxel in that area are indicated on the right. Another voxel, which is activated by words associated with visual qualities, is shown in the green area near the top of the brain. An interesting aspect of Huth’s results is that the maps were very similar for each of the seven participants.
a) embodied approach
b) multiple-factor approach
c) semantic category approach
d) sensory functional hypothesis
c
when a person uses a hammer, sensory areas are activated in response to the ham-mer’s size, shape, and color, and, in addition, motor areas are activated that are involved in carrying out actions involved in using a hammer.
a) embodied approach
b) multiple-factor approach
c) semantic category approach
d) sensory functional hypothesis
a
When we see a hammer or read the word hammer later, these sensory and motor areas are reactivated, and it is this information that represents the hammer
a) embodied approach
b) multiple-factor approach
c) semantic category approach
d) sensory functional hypothesis
a
The link between perception (a neuron fires when watching the experimenter pick up the food) and motor responses (the same neuron fires when the monkey picks up the food) is central to the _________ approach’s proposal that thinking about concepts causes activation of perceptual and motor areas associated with these concepts.
a) embodied approach
b) multiple-factor approach
c) semantic category approach
d) sensory functional hypothesis
a
Hauk et al. (2004) found that ares of the cortex are activated by actual movements and by reading the action words. for example, as participants moved their right or left foot and read action words such as kick, the activation in the cortex shoed that similar areas were activated provides support for
a) embodied approach
b) multiple-factor approach
c) semantic category approach
d) sensory functional hypothesis
a
leg words and leg movements elicit activity near the brain’s centerline, whereas arm words and finger movements elicit activity farther from the centerline. This correspondence between words related to specific parts of the body and the location of brain activity is called ______
a) spreading activation
b) semantic somatotopy
c) semantic regularities
d) embodied approach
b
