Cognitive Psychology - Cognitive Neuroscience

Question 1

_____ dominated early research because stimuli could be easily controlled by creating patterns of light and dark on a screen

Answer 1

vision

Question 2

neurons that respond to specific visual features, such as orientation, size, or the more complex features that make up environmental stimuli

Answer 2

feature detectors

Question 3

one experiments that supports _____ being linked to perception involves a phenomenon called experience-dependent plasticity

Answer 3

feature detectors

Question 4

a mechanism that causes an organism’s neurons to develop so they respond best to the type of stimulation to which the organism has been exposed

Answer 4

experience dependant plasticity

Question 5

in neural representation, ____________ supports the idea that perception is determined by neurons that fire to specific quantities of a stimulus

Answer 5

experience dependent plasticity

Question 6

processing that occurs in a progression from lower to higher areas of the brain

Answer 6

hierarchical processing

Question 7

the problem of neural representation for the senses

Answer 7

the problem of sensory coding

Question 8

the ________ refers to how neurons represent various characteristics of the environment

Answer 8

sensory code

Question 9

________ coding is the representation of a particular object by the pattern of firing of a large number of neurons

Answer 9

population

Question 10

an advantage of _______ coding is that a large number of stimuli can be represented, because large groups of neurons can create a huge number of different patterns

Answer 10

population

Question 11

coding occurs when a particular object is represented by a pattern of firing of only a small group of neurons, with the majority of neurons remaining silent

Answer 11

sparse

Question 12

only neuron 4 responding to Bills face, only neuron 9 responding to Marys face and only neuron 6 responding to Raphaels face

Answer 12

specificity coding

Question 13

Bills face shows a pattern of firing of a few neurons (neurons 2, 3, 4 and 7), while Marys face would be signalled by the pattern of firing of a few different neurons (neurons 4, 6 and 7)

Answer 13

sparse coding

Question 14

location of specific functions in specific areas of the brain

Answer 14

localisation of function

Question 15

patients with damage to _______ area show slow, labored and ungrammatical speech

Answer 15

brocas

Question 16

aphasia causes you to speak in a jumbled “word salad” that others cannot understand

Answer 16

wernickes

Question 17

patients with ________ aphasia not only produce meaningless speech but are unable to understand other peoples speech

Answer 17

Wernicke’s

Question 18

looking in the mirror and seeing your own image, wondering who the stranger is looking back at you

Answer 18

prosopagnosia

Question 19

interconnected areas of the brain that can communicate with each other

Answer 19

neural network

Question 20

Occurs when a specific cognition activates many areas of the brain.

Answer 20

distributed representation

Question 21

track weighted imaging is based on detection of how ______ diffuses along the length of the nerve fibres

Answer 21

water

Question 22

used to indicate the structural description of the network of elements and connections forming the human brain

Answer 22

connectome

Question 23

The extent to which the neural activity in separate brain areas is correlated with each other.

Answer 23

functional connectivity

Question 24

one method of determining functional connectivity is based on _____ fMRI

Answer 24

resting state

Question 25

in resting state fMRI, the ______ location is the area of the brain associated with carrying out a specific cognitive or motor task that serves as the reference area the resting-state functional connectivity method.

Answer 25

seed

Question 26

When measuring resting-state functional connectivity, the activity at the _____ location is compared to the activity at the seed location to determine the degree of functional connectivity between the two locations

Answer 26

test location

Question 27

brain imaging and other possibilities made it possible to determine structural connectivity (the ____ of the brain) and functional connectivity (the _____ _____ of the brain)

Answer 27

• roadmap
• traffic pattern

Question 28

which of the following terms does NOT reflect functional network activity in the brain?

A) responsive

B) conditional

C) consistent

D) variable

Answer 28

B