Cognitive Psychology - Cognitive Neuroscience Flashcards
_____ dominated early research because stimuli could be easily controlled by creating patterns of light and dark on a screen
vision
neurons that respond to specific visual features, such as orientation, size, or the more complex features that make up environmental stimuli
feature detectors
one experiments that supports _____ being linked to perception involves a phenomenon called experience-dependent plasticity
feature detectors
a mechanism that causes an organism’s neurons to develop so they respond best to the type of stimulation to which the organism has been exposed
experience dependant plasticity
in neural representation, ____________ supports the idea that perception is determined by neurons that fire to specific quantities of a stimulus
experience dependent plasticity
processing that occurs in a progression from lower to higher areas of the brain
hierarchical processing
the problem of neural representation for the senses
the problem of sensory coding
the ________ refers to how neurons represent various characteristics of the environment
sensory code
________ coding is the representation of a particular object by the pattern of firing of a large number of neurons
population
an advantage of _______ coding is that a large number of stimuli can be represented, because large groups of neurons can create a huge number of different patterns
population
coding occurs when a particular object is represented by a pattern of firing of only a small group of neurons, with the majority of neurons remaining silent
sparse
only neuron 4 responding to Bills face, only neuron 9 responding to Marys face and only neuron 6 responding to Raphaels face
specificity coding
Bills face shows a pattern of firing of a few neurons (neurons 2, 3, 4 and 7), while Marys face would be signalled by the pattern of firing of a few different neurons (neurons 4, 6 and 7)
sparse coding
location of specific functions in specific areas of the brain
localisation of function
patients with damage to _______ area show slow, labored and ungrammatical speech
brocas
aphasia causes you to speak in a jumbled “word salad” that others cannot understand
wernickes
patients with ________ aphasia not only produce meaningless speech but are unable to understand other peoples speech
Wernicke’s
looking in the mirror and seeing your own image, wondering who the stranger is looking back at you
prosopagnosia
interconnected areas of the brain that can communicate with each other
neural network
Occurs when a specific cognition activates many areas of the brain.
distributed representation
track weighted imaging is based on detection of how ______ diffuses along the length of the nerve fibres
water
used to indicate the structural description of the network of elements and connections forming the human brain
connectome
The extent to which the neural activity in separate brain areas is correlated with each other.
functional connectivity
one method of determining functional connectivity is based on _____ fMRI
resting state
in resting state fMRI, the ______ location is the area of the brain associated with carrying out a specific cognitive or motor task that serves as the reference area the resting-state functional connectivity method.
seed
When measuring resting-state functional connectivity, the activity at the _____ location is compared to the activity at the seed location to determine the degree of functional connectivity between the two locations
test location
brain imaging and other possibilities made it possible to determine structural connectivity (the ____ of the brain) and functional connectivity (the _____ _____ of the brain)
- roadmap
- traffic pattern
which of the following terms does NOT reflect functional network activity in the brain?
A) responsive
B) conditional
C) consistent
D) variable
B
