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Anatomy > CN VIII > Flashcards

CN VIII Flashcards

1
Q

The ear allows for the transofrmation of sound pressure waves into what?

A

electrical energy

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2
Q

The external ear captures longitudinal sound waves and transmits this energy to the middle ear via?

A

the tympanic membrane

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3
Q

The ossicles (small bones) of the middle ear convert pressure waves into?

A

mechanical energy

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4
Q

Vibrations at the oval window by the stapes produces pressure waves within?

A

the perilymph fluid of the inner ear

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5
Q

Movement of the perilymph displaces the membranes affiliated with the cochlear duct, which activates what?

A

mechanically gated ion channels of receptor hair cells

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6
Q

Hair cells release neurotransmitter onto dendrites of cochlear neurons, transducing the stimulus into what?

A

an electrical impulse within cochlear neurons

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7
Q

Movements of the head in various orientations activates what?

A

mechanically gated ion channels of receptor hair cells

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8
Q

Release of neurotransmitter by hair cells stimulates firing of electrical impulses by?

A

vestibular neurons

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9
Q

Rotational movements of the head results in movement of fluids within semicircular canals and ducts, stimulating what?

A

hair cells affiliated with specialized organs within the ducts

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10
Q

Translational movements of the head are detected by specalized organs that contain what?

A

otoliths

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11
Q

What are the specialized organs of the ear that detect translational movements?

A
  • macula utriculi
  • macula sacculi
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12
Q

What are the specialized organs of the ear within the ducts that are affiliated with hair cells?

A

crista ampullaris

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13
Q

The external ear includes what structures?

A
  • pinna (auricle)
  • ear canal (vertical and horizontal)
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14
Q

Where is the external acoustic meatus found?

A

horizontal part of ear canal

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15
Q

The middle ear includes what structures?

A
  • tympanic membrane
  • tympanic bulla
  • auditory ossicles with associated muscles and ligaments
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16
Q

Where is the middle ear housed?

A

in tympanic part of temporal bone

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17
Q

The midde ear communicates with the nasopharynx via?

A

the auditory tube

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18
Q

The inner ear includes what structures?

A
  • osseous labyrinth
  • membranous labyrinth
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19
Q

The inner ear is housed where?

A

in petrous part of temporal bone

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20
Q

What middle ear component is divided in the cat?

A

tympanic bulla

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21
Q

The auditory tube is important for what?

A
  • equalization of pressure
  • drainage of middle ear fluids
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22
Q

What lies over the surface of the bony promontory of the middle ear?

A

tympanic plexus

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23
Q

The auditory tube opens rostrally into the nasopharynx. This opening is called what?

A

pharyngeal opening of the auitory tube

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24
Q

What are the three types of ossicles found in the middle ear?

A
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
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25
Q

What is the primary function of the auditory tube?

A

equalize air pressure between middle ear and atmosphere

26
Q

What muscle is the major contributor to opening the auditory tube?

A

tensor veli palantini muscle

27
Q

What is the passageway of communication between nasopharynx and middle ear cavity?

A

auditory tube

28
Q

The tympanic bulla is divided into what two compartments in the cat?

A
  • ventromedial (larger compartment)
  • dorsolateral (smaller compartment)
29
Q

What component of the middle ear is affiliated with lots of nerves?

A

bony promontory

30
Q

The manubrium of the malleus is embedded where?

A

in the tympanic membrane

31
Q

Vibrations of the tympanic membrane, due to sound pressure waves, do what?

A

move the malleus

32
Q

Contraction of what muscle dampens the movement of the malleus?

A

tensor tympani muscle

33
Q

What joints connect the middle ear ossicles?

A

diarthrotic (synovial) joints

34
Q

Movement of the malleus will, in turn, result in the movement of what?

A

the incus and stapes

35
Q

Contraction of what muscle dampens the movement of the stapes at the oval window?

A

stapedial muscle

36
Q

What are the regions of the osseous labyrinth?

A
  • vestibule (with vestibular, or oval, window)
  • cochlea (with cochlear, or round, window)
  • semicircular canals with ampullae
37
Q

Perilymph of the osseous labyrinth is similar to what?

A

CSF and extracellular fluid

38
Q

What structure refers to the caverns and tunnels within petrous temporal bone of the inner ear?

A

osseous labyrinth

39
Q

The receptor organs of the inner ear are components of what?

A

the membranous labyrinth

40
Q

What is the organ of hearing?

A

cochlear duct

41
Q

What are the vestibular organs?

A
  • ampullae of semicircular ducts
  • utriculus
  • saccule
42
Q

The membranous labyrinth contains endolymph, which is similar to what?

A

intraceullar fluid

43
Q

What is the excavated space within the patrous temporal bone?

A

osseous cochlea

44
Q

What structure is centrally located within the osseous cochlea?

A

bony modiolus

45
Q

Cell bodies of cochlear special somatic afferent (SSA) neurons are grouped within what?

A

spiral ganglia

46
Q

Axona from the spiral ganglia pass through the internal acoustic meatus and extend to the brainstem where they synapse where?

A

in cochlear nuclei

47
Q

What nerve is comprosed of sensory nuron fibers from vestibular organs and whose neuron cell bodies are in vestibular ganglia?

A

vestibular nerve

48
Q

What nerve is comprised of sensory fibers from the prgan of corti and whose neuron cell bodies are in spiral ganglia?

A

cochlear nerve

49
Q

What nerve leaves the petrous tempiral bone via the internal acoustic meatus?

A

vestibulocochlear nerve CN VIII

50
Q

What nerves provide sensory innervation of the ear?

A
  • cochlear nerve
  • vestibular nerve
  • facial nerve
  • mandibular nerve
51
Q

What nerve provides motor innervation of the ear?

A
  • facial nerve
52
Q

What would a lesion of CN VIII look like?

A
  • hearing loss
  • disorientation
  • nausea, loss of appetite
  • vestibular ataxia
  • head tilt, head turn, circling and/or leaning towards the side of the lesion
  • resting nystagmus; horizontal fast phase away from the side of the lesion
53
Q

The external ear is supprted by what?

A

auricular cartilage

54
Q

The shape of the pinna is dependent upon the composition of what?

A

the fibroelastic auricular cartilage

55
Q

What determines which sound frequencies are collected optimally and may also help with noise reduction?

A

size and shape of the pinna

56
Q

Modified hairy skin with glands that produce what are found within the ear canal?

A

cerumen

57
Q

What cartilage serves as an attachment site for auricular muscles?

A

scutiform cartilage

58
Q

Scutiform cartilage is located where?

A

medial and rostral to the base of the auricle

59
Q

What nerves provide motor innervation to the external ear?

A

CN VII
- auriculopalpebral nerve (rostral auricular nerve)
- caudal auricular nerve

60
Q

What nerves provide sensory innervation to the external ear?

A

CN VII
- internal auricular nerve

CN V
- auriculotemporal nerve (rostral auricular branch)

61
Q

What nerves of the cervical plexus also supply cutaneous (sensory) innervation to the external ear?

A
  • great auricular nerve
  • greater occipital nerve
62
Q

The second cervical nerve (C2) supplies sensory innervation to the _____ surface of the external ear; whereas the facial nerve supplies sensory innervation to the ____ surface of the external ear.

A

convex, concave

Anatomy (29 decks)

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