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Anatomy > Male Repro > Flashcards

Male Repro Flashcards

1
Q

What is the male gonad that produces spermatozoids and hormones?

A

testicle

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2
Q

What is the storage area for spermatozoa (mature sperm cells)?

A

epididymis

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3
Q

What are the three portions of the epididymis?

A
  • head
  • body
  • tail
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4
Q

Which portion of the epididymis is positioned craniodorsally?

A

Head

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5
Q

What are the two ligaments related to the testicle and epididymis?

A
  • ligament of the tail of the epididymis
  • proper ligament of the testis
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6
Q

What is the genetic condition resulting in undescended testis?

A

cryptorchid

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7
Q

Are testicles affected by temperature?

A

yes

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8
Q

What are the five parts of a testicle?

A
  • epididymis
  • efferent ductules
  • rete testis
  • tunica albuginea
  • testicular parenchyma seminiferous tubules
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9
Q

What is the scrotal position in dogs?

A

inguinal position

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10
Q

What is the scrotal covering in dogs?

A

sparse hair

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11
Q

What is important to keep in mind when amputating/docking tails?

A

that the tail will still cover the scrotum for males and vulva for females

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12
Q

What are the five layers of the scrotum?

A
  • skin
  • tunica dartos
  • external spermatic fascia
  • internal spermatic fascia
  • parietal vaginal tunic
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13
Q

The skin layer of the scrotum is split into what two portions?

A
  • epidermis
  • dermis
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14
Q

What layer of the scrotum helps to regulate the internal temperature according with the external temperature?

A

tunica dartos

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15
Q

What is the subcutaneous tissue that forms the scrotal septum?

A

tunica dartos

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16
Q

Can cryptorchids still sire offspring?

A

Yes

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17
Q

In cryptorchids, what can be the cause of testicular cancer?

A

increase in temperature from testicles being in abdominal cavity

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18
Q

Do males have vaginal tunics?

A

Yes

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19
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the cremaster muscle?

A

Origin: caudal free border of the internal abdominal obliquee muscle

Insertion: spermatic fascia and parietal vaginal tunic

Action: pull the testis closer to the body in reponse to cremaster reflex

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20
Q

What is the reflex responsible for pulling testis closer to body?

A

Cremaster reflex

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21
Q

What innervates the cremaster muscle?

A

Genitofemoral nerve

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22
Q

What are the components of the spermatic cord?

A
  • testicular artery
  • testicular vein and pampiniform plexus
  • testicular nerve
  • testicular lymphatics
  • ductus deferens
  • deferent artery and vein
  • internal cremaster muscle
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23
Q

What are the accessory sex glands in the dog?

A
  • prostate
  • ampullary glands
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24
Q

What are the four functions of the accessory sex glands in the dog?

A
  • adds volume to ejaculate to provide a vehicle for sperm
  • provides a source of energy for sperm
  • acts as a buffer for sperm by neutralizing the pH in urine and the CO2 produced by sperm
  • production of prostaglandins that cause smooth muscle contraction of female reproductive tract
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25
Q

The male canine urethra is composed of what two sections?

A
  • pelvic part
  • penile part
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26
Q

What part of the male canine urethra is located on the dorsal surface of prostatic urethra, is a continuation of the urethral crest, and has deferent duct openings on each side?

A

Colliculus seminalis

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27
Q

What are the three regions of the canine penis?

A
  • glans penis
  • body
  • root
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28
Q

What four parts are related to the erectile tissue of the penis?

A
  • corpus cavernosum penis
  • corpus spongiosum penis
  • corpus spongiosum glandis of the bulbus glandis
  • corpus spongiosum glandis of the pars longa glandis
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29
Q

What part of the root of the canine penis is composed of the corpus cavernosum penis and the tunica albuguinea, and is surrounded by the ischiocavernosus muscle?

A

crura

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30
Q

What part of the root of the canine penis is an expansion of corpus spongiosum penis and is surrounded by the bulbospongiosus muscle?

A

bulb of the penis

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31
Q

What part of the canine penis is surrounded by the bulb of the penis?

A

urethra

32
Q

What three muscles are associated with the canine penis?

A
  • bulbospongiosus muscle
  • ischiocavernosus muscle
  • retractor penis muscle
33
Q

Which muscle is around the bulb of the penis?

A

bulbospongiosus muscle

34
Q

What muscle goes from the ischiatic tuberosities to the crura of the penis?

A

ischiocavernosus muscle

35
Q

What muscle goes from the external anal sphincter to the gland, caudal and ventral position?

A

retractor penis muscle

36
Q

The body of the penis includes what five structures?

A
  • corpus cavernosum
  • urethra
  • corpus spongiosum
  • proximal part of os penis
  • retractor penis muscle
37
Q

What part of the body of the penis is surrounded by tunica albuginea?

A

corpus cavernosum

38
Q

In the root of the penis, what forms the bulb of the penis?

A

corpus spongiosum

39
Q

The pelvic portion of the urethra is surrounded by what?

A

urethralis muscle

40
Q

The penile portion of the urethra is surrounded by what?

A

corpus spongiosum

41
Q

What five structures compose the glans of the canine penis?

A
  • bulbus glandis
  • pars longa glandis
  • os penis
  • urethra
  • corpus spongiosum penis
42
Q

What surrounds the penile urethra?

A

os penis

43
Q

What structure in the root of the penis forms the bulbus of the penis and surrounds the penile urethra all the way toward the external urethral orifice?

A

corpus spongiosum penis

44
Q

What structure adds rigidity for intromission, deforms apex of the penis in the vagina, and has a urethral groove on the ventral surface?

A

os penis

45
Q

What 12 vessels (6 arteries, 6 veins) provide blood supply to the penis?

A
  • dorsal a and v of the penis
  • a and v of the penis
  • internal pudendal a and v
  • ventral perineal a and v
  • a and v of the bulb
  • deep a and v of the penis
46
Q

Describe blood blow of the penis during non-erection.

A

blood flow to the penis bypasses the vascular spaces of the erectile tissue

47
Q

Erection results from filling of what bodies with blood?

A

cavernosus bodies

48
Q

Describe blood flow of the penis to cause erection.

A
  • stimulation of the pelvic nerve causes relaxation of smooth muscles of the arteries of the penis allowing an increase in blood flow to the penis
  • blood is directed into the helical artieries of the erectile tissue
  • the penis enlarges and becomes turgid
49
Q

Is erection a sympathetic or parasympathetic function?

A

parasympathetic

50
Q

What two things occur during ejaculation?

A
  • secretion of accessory sex glands
  • bulbospongiosus muscle contracts causing expulsion of semen
51
Q

Is the secretion of accessory sex glands during ejaculation a sympathetic or parasympathetic function?

A

Sympathetic

52
Q

Is the contraction of bulbospongiosus muscle during ejaculation autonomic or somatic?

A

Somatic

53
Q

In the cat, the scrotum is in what position?

A

perineal

54
Q

What is the feline scrotal covering?

A

lots of hair

55
Q

What are the two accessory sex glands of the cat?

A
  • prostate
  • bulbourethral gland
56
Q

The feline penis contains what on its distal end to stimulate ovulation of the female?

A

keratinized spines

57
Q

The apex of the feline penis is directed what direction?

A

caudoventrally

58
Q

Does the feline penis contain an os penis?

A

Yes

59
Q

What does the female do for maintenance of erection in the male?

A

the contrictor vulvae and vestibuli muscles inhibit venous return

60
Q

What are the five male components of erection maintenance?

A
  • neurogenic: parasympathetic stimulation, retractor penis muscle relaxed
  • preputial orifice compreses dorsal veins of the penis
  • ischial arch compresses dorsal veins of the penis
  • ischiourethralis muscle restricts venous return
  • penis twists on long axis during dismount which restricts venous return
61
Q

What are the three layers of the canine prepuce?

A
  • external lamina (haired skin)
  • internal lamina
  • penile lamina
62
Q

The preputial fornix is also known as the?

A

fundus

63
Q

The preputial orifice is also known as the?

A

ostium

64
Q

The most caudal portion of the ureter is covered by what before opening into the urinary bladder?

A

peritoneum

65
Q

What is the serous membrane that descends with the testicle and its structures and can be divided into parietal, visceral, and connecting membranes?

A

vaginal tunics

66
Q

What structure refers to the ring shape border of reflection of the peritoneum at the level of the deep inguinal ring?

A

vaginal ring

67
Q

What is the sac formed by the parietal vaginal tunic evagination out of the inguinal canal to receive the testicle, epididymis, and spermatic cord components?

A

Vaginal process

68
Q

What is the serous tunic continuation of visceral peritoneum covering the organs that form the spermatic cord, testicle, and epididymis?

A

visceral vaginal tunic

69
Q

What is the connecting serous membrane between the parietal vaginal tunic and mesorchium and mesoductus deferens?

A

Mesofuniculum

70
Q

What is the connecting serous membrane around the testicular vessels and nerves?

A

Mesorchium

71
Q

What is the connecting serous membrane around the ductus deferens and its vessels and nerves?

A

Mesoductus deferens

72
Q

What is the serous cavity filled with serous fluid, between the parietal and vaginal tunics and the connecting membranes?

A

vaginal cavity

73
Q

What are the erectile bodies?

A
  • corpus cavernosum penis
  • corpus spongiosum penis
  • corpus spongisoum glandis
74
Q

What structures are associate with the corpus cavernosum penis?

A
  • tunica albuginea
  • os penis
75
Q

What structure is associated with the corpus spongiosum penis?

A

bulb of the penis

76
Q

What structures are associated with the corpus spongiosum glandis?

A
  • bulbus glandis
  • pars longa glandis
77
Q

What are the erectile muscles?

A
  • ischiocavernosus muscles (one per crus)
  • bulbospongiosus muscle
  • retractor penis muscle

Anatomy (18 decks)

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