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Anatomy > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

How many neurons are needed to innervate a structure for a general somatic effect?

A

One

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2
Q

How many neurons are needed to innervate a target organ for a general visceral effect?

A

Two

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3
Q

What two pathways are used to produce a visceral effect?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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4
Q

Sympathetic is related to what response?

A

Fight or flight

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5
Q

Parasympathetic is related to what response?

A

Rest and digest

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6
Q

What will sympathetic responses be if you increase stress?

A

Increase cardiovascular, increase respiratory, decrease digestive, decrease urinary, decrease reproductive functions

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7
Q

Intense physical activities such as running, scaping, and hunting, stress/fear, fighting, and protecting increase what type of responses?

A

Sympathetic

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8
Q

The sympathetic nerve system is organized in a trunk formed by ganglia connected by axons close to the thoracic and lumber vertebrae known as ________ and a group of visceral ganglia connected with this structure by nerves.

A

Sympathetic trunk

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9
Q

What is the first neurotransmitter of sympathetic ganglion?

A

Acetylcholine

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10
Q

What is the second neurotransmitter of sympathetic ganglion?

A

Norepinephrine

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11
Q

Norepinephrine has a similar structure with what hormone?

A

Epinephrine

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12
Q

Somatic and visceral afferent neurons run through which spinal root?

A

Dorsal

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13
Q

Somatic and visceral efferent neurons run through which spinal root?

A

Ventral

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14
Q

Axons that communicate the spinal nerves with the sympathetic trunk and can carry pre/post ganglionic sympathetic fibers are known as?

A

Communicating branches

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15
Q

What are the three levels of sympathetic pathways?

A
  1. Spinal nerves
  2. Inside pelvis, thorax, and abdomen
  3. Inside head
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16
Q

Synapsis occurs where?

A

Sympathetic trunk ganglion

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17
Q

Sympathetic nuclei are found in which spinal cord segments?

A

Thoracolumbar

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18
Q

Does the vertebral nerve provide pre or post ganglionic fibers to cervical spinal nerves?

A

Post ganglionic

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19
Q

Is there synapsis in sympathetic trunk ganglia for the fibers that go toward cavity organs?

A

No

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20
Q

Postganglionic nerves run with what to hit the target organ?

A

Arteries

21
Q

Where does synapsis occur for neurons associated with abdominal organs?

A

Visceral ganglion

22
Q

The visceral ganglion lives close to what vessel and its branches?

A

Abdominal aorta

23
Q

Splanchic nerves are axons from ______ neurons and the synapsis occurs in a visceral ganglia.

A

Pre ganglionic

24
Q

What is the pelvic plexus?

A

Network of pelvic ganglia

25
Q

What are the pre and post synaptic sympathetic nerves that go toward the pelvic plexus and run parallel to aorta and internal iliac arteries to reach the pelvic ganglia located lateral to the rectus?

A

Hypogastric nerves

26
Q

Pre ganglionic sympathetic fibers of the cranial cervical ganglion are where?

A

In the vagosympathetic trunk

27
Q

What ganglion corresponds to the fusion of the caudal cervical ganglion and the first 3 thoracic ganglia?

A

Cervicothoracic ganglion

28
Q

What are the communicating branches between the cervicothoracic and the middle cervical ganglia that goes around the subclavian artery?

A

Ansa subclavian

29
Q

Does synapsis occur in the middle cervical ganglion if the fibers go to the head?

A

No

30
Q

Visceral pain is _____ which means you cannot pinpoint the location.

A

Diffuse

31
Q

In instances of somatic pain, can you pinpoint the direct area of that pain?

A

Yes

32
Q

What will parasympathetic responses be if you decrease stress?

A

Decrease cardiovascular, decrease respiratory, increase digestive, increase urinary, increase reproductive functions

33
Q

Sleeping and eating elicit what type of responses?

A

Parasympathetic

34
Q

What is the first neurotransmitter of parasympathetic ganglion?

A

Acetylcholine

35
Q

What is the second neurotransmitter of parasympathetic ganglion?

A

Acetylcholine

36
Q

What is the pre ganglionic neuron of parasympathetic nuclei in the brainstem?

A

Vagus nerve

37
Q

What is the pre ganglionic neuron of parasympathetic nuclei in the sacral segments?

A

Pelvic nerve

38
Q

What cranial nerves relate to parasympathetic motor nuclei?

A

3, 7, 9, 10

39
Q

What cranial nerve of parasympathetic motor nuclei has 2 ganglion?

A

7

40
Q

What cranial nerve is associated with the vagus nerve?

A

10

41
Q

What is the preganglionic pathway of parasympathetic nucleus of vagus nerve in thorax and cervical regions?

A
  1. Vagus nerve
  2. Vagosympathetic trunk
  3. Vagus nerve
  4. Vagal branches (to cardiac nerves of the heart and lungs and recurrent laryngeal nerves to cervical organs)
42
Q

What is the preganglionic pathway of parasympathetic nucleus of vagus nerve in abdominal region?

A
  1. Vagus nerve
  2. Vagosympathetic trunk
  3. Vagus nerve —> dorsal and ventral vagal branches
  4. Dorsal and ventral vagal trunks (dorsal vagal trunks joins celiacomesenteric plexus via celiac branch and ventral vagal branch goes directly to stomach and liver)
43
Q

The dorsal vagal trunk is a mixture of what?

A

Right and left dorsal vagal branches?

44
Q

The ventral vagal trunk is a mixture of what?

A

Right and left ventral vagal branches

45
Q

What is the common name of the celiacomesenteric plexus of ganglia?

A

Solar plexus

46
Q

What is the preganglionic pathway of parasympathetic efferent neurons to pelvic organs?

A
  1. Intermediate gray matter (S1-S3)
  2. Ventral root
  3. Spinal nerve
  4. Ventral branch
  5. Lumbosacral plexus
  6. Pelvic nerve
  7. Pelvic plexus and run
47
Q

What is the post ganglionic pathway of parasympathetic efferent neurons to pelvic organs?

A

Branches from pelvic plexus to pelvic organs

48
Q

Erection is what type of response?

A

Parasympathetic

49
Q

Ejaculation is what type of response?

A

Sympathetic

Anatomy (18 decks)

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