Canine Male Repro Flashcards
1
Q
What is the male gonad that produces spermatozoids and hormones?
A
testicle
2
Q
What is the storage area for spermatozoa (mature sperm cells)?
A
epididymis
3
Q
What are the three portions of the epididymis?
A
- head
- body
- tail
4
Q
Which portion of the epididymis is positioned craniodorsally?
A
Head
5
Q
What are the two ligaments related to the testicle and epididymis?
A
- ligament of the tail of the epididymis
- proper ligament of the testis
6
Q
What is the genetic condition resulting in undescended testis?
A
cryptorchid
7
Q
Are testicles affected by temperature?
A
yes
8
Q
What are the five parts of a testicle?
A
- epididymis
- efferent ductules
- rete testis
- tunica albuginea
- testicular parenchyma seminiferous tubules
9
Q
What is the scrotal position in dogs?
A
inguinal position
10
Q
What is the scrotal covering in dogs?
A
sparse hair
11
Q
What is important to keep in mind when amputating/docking tails?
A
that the tail will still cover the scrotum for males and vulva for females
12
Q
What are the five layers of the scrotum?
A
- skin
- tunica dartos
- external spermatic fascia
- internal spermatic fascia
- parietal vaginal tunic
13
Q
The skin layer of the scrotum is split into what two portions?
A
- epidermis
- dermis
14
Q
What layer of the scrotum helps to regulate the internal temperature according with the external temperature?
A
tunica dartos
15
Q
What is the subcutaneous tissue that forms the scrotal septum?
A
tunica dartos
16
Q
Can cryptorchids still sire offspring?
A
Yes
17
Q
In cryptorchids, what can be the cause of testicular cancer?
A
increase in temperature from testicles being in abdominal cavity
18
Q
Do males have vaginal tunics?
A
Yes
19
Q
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the cremaster muscle?
A
Origin: caudal free border of the internal abdominal obliquee muscle
Insertion: spermatic fascia and parietal vaginal tunic
Action: pull the testis closer to the body in reponse to cremaster reflex
20
Q
What is the reflex responsible for pulling testis closer to body?
A
Cremaster reflex
21
Q
What innervates the cremaster muscle?
A
Genitofemoral nerve
22
Q
What are the components of the spermatic cord?
A
- testicular artery
- testicular vein and pampiniform plexus
- testicular nerve
- testicular lymphatics
- ductus deferens
- deferent artery and vein
- internal cremaster muscle
23
Q
What are the accessory sex glands in the dog?
A
- prostate
- ampullary glands
24
Q
What are the four functions of the accessory sex glands in the dog?
A
- adds volume to ejaculate to provide a vehicle for sperm
- provides a source of energy for sperm
- acts as a buffer for sperm by neutralizing the pH in urine and the CO2 produced by sperm
- production of prostaglandins that cause smooth muscle contraction of female reproductive tract
25
The male canine urethra is composed of what two sections?
- pelvic part
- penile part
26
What part of the male canine urethra is located on the dorsal surface of prostatic urethra, is a continuation of the urethral crest, and has deferent duct openings on each side?
Colliculus seminalis
27
What are the three regions of the canine penis?
- glans penis
- body
- root
28
What four parts are related to the erectile tissue of the penis?
- corpus cavernosum penis
- corpus spongiosum penis
- corpus spongiosum glandis of the bulbus glandis
- corpus spongiosum glandis of the pars longa glandis
29
What part of the root of the canine penis is composed of the corpus cavernosum penis and the tunica albuguinea, and is surrounded by the ischiocavernosus muscle?
crura
30
What part of the root of the canine penis is an expansion of corpus spongiosum penis and is surrounded by the bulbospongiosus muscle?
bulb of the penis
31
What part of the canine penis is surrounded by the bulb of the penis?
urethra
32
What three muscles are associated with the canine penis?
- bulbospongiosus muscle
- ischiocavernosus muscle
- retractor penis muscle
33
Which muscle is around the bulb of the penis?
bulbospongiosus muscle
34
What muscle goes from the ischiatic tuberosities to the crura of the penis?
ischiocavernosus muscle
35
What muscle goes from the external anal sphincter to the gland, caudal and ventral position?
retractor penis muscle
36
The body of the penis includes what five structures?
- corpus cavernosum
- urethra
- corpus spongiosum
- proximal part of os penis
- retractor penis muscle
37
What part of the body of the penis is surrounded by tunica albuginea?
corpus cavernosum
38
In the root of the penis, what forms the bulb of the penis?
corpus spongiosum
39
The pelvic portion of the urethra is surrounded by what?
urethralis muscle
40
The penile portion of the urethra is surrounded by what?
corpus spongiosum
41
What five structures compose the glans of the canine penis?
- bulbus glandis
- pars longa glandis
- os penis
- urethra
- corpus spongiosum penis
42
What surrounds the penile urethra?
os penis
43
What structure in the root of the penis forms the bulbus of the penis and surrounds the penile urethra all the way toward the external urethral orifice?
corpus spongiosum penis
44
What structure adds rigidity for intromission, deforms apex of the penis in the vagina, and has a urethral groove on the ventral surface?
os penis
45
What 12 vessels (6 arteries, 6 veins) provide blood supply to the penis?
- dorsal a and v of the penis
- a and v of the penis
- internal pudendal a and v
- ventral perineal a and v
- a and v of the bulb
- deep a and v of the penis
46
Describe blood blow of the penis during non-erection.
blood flow to the penis bypasses the vascular spaces of the erectile tissue
47
Erection results from filling of what bodies with blood?
cavernosus bodies
48
Describe blood flow of the penis to cause erection.
- stimulation of the pelvic nerve causes relaxation of smooth muscles of the arteries of the penis allowing an increase in blood flow to the penis
- blood is directed into the helical artieries of the erectile tissue
- the penis enlarges and becomes turgid
49
Is erection a sympathetic or parasympathetic function?
parasympathetic
50
What two things occur during ejaculation?
- secretion of accessory sex glands
- bulbospongiosus muscle contracts causing expulsion of semen
51
Is the secretion of accessory sex glands during ejaculation a sympathetic or parasympathetic function?
Sympathetic
52
Is the contraction of bulbospongiosus muscle during ejaculation autonomic or somatic?
Somatic
53
In the cat, the scrotum is in what position?
perineal
54
What is the feline scrotal covering?
lots of hair
55
What are the two accessory sex glands of the cat?
- prostate
- bulbourethral gland
56
The feline penis contains what on its distal end to stimulate ovulation of the female?
keratinized spines
57
The apex of the feline penis is directed what direction?
caudoventrally
58
Does the feline penis contain an os penis?
Yes
59
What does the female do for maintenance of erection in the male?
the contrictor vulvae and vestibuli muscles inhibit venous return
60
What are the five male components of erection maintenance?
- neurogenic: parasympathetic stimulation, retractor penis muscle relaxed
- preputial orifice compreses dorsal veins of the penis
- ischial arch compresses dorsal veins of the penis
- ischiourethralis muscle restricts venous return
- penis twists on long axis during dismount which restricts venous return
61
What are the three layers of the canine prepuce?
- external lamina (haired skin)
- internal lamina
- penile lamina
62
The preputial fornix is also known as the?
fundus
63
The preputial orifice is also known as the?
ostium
64
The most caudal portion of the ureter is covered by what before opening into the urinary bladder?
peritoneum
65
What is the serous membrane that descends with the testicle and its structures and can be divided into parietal, visceral, and connecting membranes?
vaginal tunics
66
What structure refers to the ring shape border of reflection of the peritoneum at the level of the deep inguinal ring?
vaginal ring
67
What is the sac formed by the parietal vaginal tunic evagination out of the inguinal canal to receive the testicle, epididymis, and spermatic cord components?
Vaginal process
68
What is the serous tunic continuation of visceral peritoneum covering the organs that form the spermatic cord, testicle, and epididymis?
visceral vaginal tunic
69
What is the connecting serous membrane between the parietal vaginal tunic and mesorchium and mesoductus deferens?
Mesofuniculum
70
What is the connecting serous membrane around the testicular vessels and nerves?
Mesorchium
71
What is the connecting serous membrane around the ductus deferens and its vessels and nerves?
Mesoductus deferens
72
What is the serous cavity filled with serous fluid, between the parietal and vaginal tunics and the connecting membranes?
vaginal cavity
73
What are the erectile bodies?
- corpus cavernosum penis
- corpus spongiosum penis
- corpus spongisoum glandis
74
What structures are associate with the corpus cavernosum penis?
- tunica albuginea
- os penis
75
What structure is associated with the corpus spongiosum penis?
bulb of the penis
76
What structures are associated with the corpus spongiosum glandis?
- bulbus glandis
- pars longa glandis
77
What are the erectile muscles?
- ischiocavernosus muscles (one per crus)
- bulbospongiosus muscle
- retractor penis muscle
