Canine Abdomen and Pelvis: Walls, Peritonuem, Stomach, Intestines Flashcards
1
Q
What major structures make up the GI tract?
A
- Stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine
2
Q
The small intestine is divided into what three sections?
A
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
3
Q
The large intestine is divided into what 4 parts?
A
- cecum
- colon
- rectum
- anus
4
Q
The colon is divided into what three sections?
A
- ascending colon
- trnsverse colon
- descending colon
5
Q
Is the entire digestive system encompassed by the GI tract?
A
NO
- also includes oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus
6
Q
What are the four tunics (coats) of the GI tract?
A
- serous coat
- muscular coat
- submucous coat
- mucous coat
7
Q
Which coat of the GI tract is the visceral peritoneum?
A
serous coat
8
Q
Which coat of the GI tract has longitudinal and circular layers?
A
Muscular coat
9
Q
List the parts of the stomach starting with esophagus.
A
- esophagus
- cardia
- fundus
- body
- pyloric part (antrum and canal)
- pylorus (exit)
10
Q
What is the pylorus?
A
Enlarged smooth muscle that regulates the pass of content from stomach to small intestine.
11
Q
What is an internal vomit? Why is it dangerous?
A
- occurs when the content gets in the esophagus and not outside the body
- dangerous because it can irritate esophagus and cause esophageal cancer
12
Q
Define vomit in general.
A
Involuntary forceful expulsion of content from the stomach to the exterior of the body through the mouth
13
Q
What is the signifiance of dogs having a large stomach capacity?
A
They are descendants of wolves
14
Q
The internal border of the pyloric antrum is formed by what?
A
lesser curvature of the stomach
15
Q
The greater curvature of the stomach points _____ and to the _____.
A
caudal, left
16
Q
The fundus is located to the _____, at the level of what?
A
left, at the level of the left hypochondrium
17
Q
The pyloric part and pylorus are located to the _____.
A
right
18
Q
What is the reason GDV can occur in dogs?
A
There is no big ligament holding stomach in place
19
Q
The lesser curvature of the stomach points ____ and to the ____.
A
cranial, right
20
Q
What six structures arise from the dorsal mesentery?
A
- dorsal mesogastrium (greater omentum)
- mesoduodenum
- mesojejunum
- mesoileum
- mesocolon
- mesorectum
21
Q
What three structures arise from the ventral mesentery?
A
- ventral mesogastrium (lesser omentum)
- falciform ligament
- median ligament of the bladder
22
Q
The greater omentum courses from the ____ body wall to ______ of the stomach.
A
dorsal, greater curvature
23
Q
The greater omentum is split into what two sections?
A
- superficial leaf
- deep leaf
24
Q
The superficial leaf of the greater omentum contains what organ?
A
spleen
25
The deep leaf of the greater omentum contains what organ?
left lobe of pancreaas
26
True or false: The greater omentum stores a lot of fat and is delicate.
True
27
What connects the omental bursa with the peritoneal cavity in the right side of the abdomen?
omental (epiploic) foramen
28
List the six parts of the duodenum in order.
- cranial part
- cranial duodenal flexure
- descending part
- caudal duodenal flexure
- ascending part
- duodenojejunal flexure
29
What is the larger portion of the duodenum that you will have to manipulate during a spay procedure?
descending part
30
The major duodenal papilla are the openings to what two ducts?
- bile duct
- pancreatic duct
31
The minor duodenal papilla is the opening to what duct?
accessory pancreatic duct
32
True or false: Vegetarians have a longer jejunum compared to people who eat protein/meat.
True
33
The ileum is defined by what two structures?
- antimesenteric ileal artery
- ileocecal fold
34
What is the cecocolic orifice?
opening between the cecum and the ascending colon
35
What is the ileocecal fold?
plica of peritoneum between the cecum and ileum
36
List the five parts of the colon in order.
- ascending colon
- right colic flexure
- transverse colon
- left colic flexure
- descending colon
37
The mesentery is split into what five portions?
- mesoduodenum
- mesojejunum
- mesoileum
- mesocolon
- mesorectum
38
The external anal sphincter is controlled by what?
somatic nervous system
39
The internal anal sphincter is controlled by what?
autonomic nervous system
40
What is the columnar zone of the anus?
transitional tissue between mucosa and skin
41
What three organs are in the right cranial quadrant of the abdomen?
- liver
- transverse colon
- ascending colon
42
What five organs are in the right caudal quadrant of the abdomen?
- descending duodenum
- cecum
- ileum
- jejunoileal junction
- caudal duodenal flexure
43
What four organs are in the left cranial quadrant of the abdomen?
- stomach
- spleen
- duodenojejunal flexure
- root of mesentery
44
What six organs are in the left caudal quadrant of the abdomen?
- descending colon
- ascending duodenum
- uterine horn
- uterine body
- urinary bladder
- rectus abdominis muscle
45
What are the nine regions of the abdomen?
- right hypochondrium
- xiphoid
- left hypochondrium
- right flank
- umbilical
- left flank
- right inguinal
- pubic
- left inguinal
46
What are the boundaries of the xiphoid region?
- xiphoid process (top)
- costal arch (side)
- umbilicus (bottom)
47
What are the boundaries of the left and right hypochondrium regions?
- cupula of diaphragm at 6th intercostal space to xiphiod process (top)
- diaphragm (side)
- line between the last ribs passing at the level of the umbilicus (bottom)
48
What are the boundaries of the left and right flank regions?
- line between the last ribs passing at the level of the umbilicus (top)
- mammary line (side)
- coxal tuberosity (bottom)
49
What are the boundaries of the umbilical region?
- umbilicus (top)
- mamary line (sides)
- line between the coxal tuberosities (bottom)
50
What are the boundaries of the pubic region?
- line between the coxal tuberosities (top)
- mammary line (sides)
- pubic tubercle (bottom)
51
What are the boundaries of the left and right inguinal regions?
- coxal tuberosities (top)
- mammary line (side)
- inguinal ligament (bottom)
52
The inguinal canal is the passageway for what structures?
- external pudendal artery and vein
- genitofemoral nerve
- lymphatics
- vaginal process / tunic
- spermatic cord
53
What is the perforation in the abdominal wall in the region of the groin?
Inguinal canal
54
The inguinal canal extends between what?
superficial and deep inguinal rings
55
The deep inguinal ring opens to where?
abdomen
56
The superficial inguinal ring opens to where?
exterior
57
Does the abdomen have positive or negative pressure?
Positive
58
What is the attachment of rectus abdominis muscle?
Prepubic tendon
59
The muscular lacuna is the passageway for what?
- iliopsoas muscle
- femoral nerve
60
The vascular lacuna (femoral ring) is the passageway for what?
vessels coursing to pelvic limb
61
What vessels supply blood to the abdominal wall?
- deep circumflex iliac artery
- cranial abdominal artery
- cranial (deep and superficial) epigastric arteries
- caudal (superficial and deep) epigastric arteries
62
The deep circumflex iliac artery originates from what vessel?
aorta
63
The cranial abdominal artery originates from what vessel?
common trunk with phrenicoabdominal artery off aorta
64
The cranial epigastric arteries originate from what vessel?
internal thoracic artery
65
The caudal epigastric arteries originate from what vessel?
pudendoepigastric trunk
66
What vessels can change their blood flow depending on if they are supplying functional vs non functional mammary glands?
- cranial superficial epigastric artery
- caudal superficial epigastric artery
67
What nerves go to the abdominal wall?
- costabdominal nerve
- cranial iliohypogastric nerve
- caudal iliohypogastric nerve
- ilioinguinal nerve
- lateral cutaneous femoral nerve
68
What is the smooth muscle membrane lining the cavity organs and inner walls of body cavities?
Serosa / serous membrane
69
Serosas secrete fluid (serous fluid) to allow what?
lubricated movements between opposing surfaces
70
The thoracic cavity contains what two other cavities?
- pleural cavity
- pericardial cavity
71
The abdominopelvic cavity contains what other cavity?
- peritoneal cavity
72
The peritoneal cavity has what three layers of peritoneum?
- parietal peritoneum
- visceral peritoneum
- connecting peritoneum
73
If you cut the peritoneum lining the abdominal wall and continue to close without suturing the peritoneum back together, what will occur?
The fascia will glue to organs
74
At what point is the peritoneum glued with cavity walls?
linea alba
75
What is the fascia transversalis?
connective tissue that glues the parietal peritoneum with the cavity walls
76
The connecting peritoneum is split into what two sections?
- dorsal mesentery
- ventral mesentery
77
The parietal peritoneum covers what?
abdominal walls
78
The visceral pericardium covers what?
digestive tube
79
The connecting peritoneum covers what?
Peritoneal cavity
80
What resides in the pleural cavity?
NOTHING except pleural fluid
81
What resides in the pericardial cavity?
NOTHING except pericardial fluid
82
What resides in the peritoneal cavity?
Ovaries may be considered inside this cavity, but other than that only fluid is here
83
The dorsal mesentery is related with the stomach growth and twists during development of the organ and is known as what?
greater omentum
84
The greater omentum connects the ______ of the stomach, _____, and the initial part of the ______ with the _____ which connects to the dorsal body wall.
greater curvature, spleen, duodenum, pancreas
85
The omental bursa is located where?
Between the superficial and deep leaf of the greater omentum
86
What are the membranes of the ventral mesentery that connects the stomach with the liver?
lesser omentum
87
What ligament goes from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver?
hepatogastric ligament
88
What ligament goes from the first part of the duodenum to the liver?
hepatoduodenal ligament
89
What two portions can the lesser omentum be split into?
- hepatogastric ligament
- hepatoduodenal ligament
90
What membranes originate from the embryonic ventral mesentery?
lesser omentum
91
In adults, the umbilical vein becomes what ligament?
Teres ligament (round ligament) of the liver
92
In fetus, the umbilical vein is embedded between what?
Membranes of falciform ligament
93
What are the membranes of the ventral mesentery that connects the liver with the diaphragm and the ventral wall of the abdomen?
falciform ligament
94
What are the membranes of the ventral mesentery that connects the bladder with the ventral wall of the abdomen?
Median ligament of the urinary bladder
95
In fetus, what is embedded in between the membranes of the median ligament of the urinary bladder?
urachus
96
What organs are located in the right hypochondrium?
- right lobes of liver
- pylorus of stomach
- right colic flexure
- right kidney
97
What organs are located in the xiphoid region?
- liver / gall bladder
- body of stomach
- transverse colon
- left lobe of pancreas
98
What organs are located in the left hypochondrium?
- left lobes of liver
- fundus of stomach
- spleen
- left colic flexure
- cranial pole of left kidney
99
What organs are located in the right flank?
- descending duodenum
- right lobe of pancreas
- jejunum
- right ovary and uterine horn
- ascending colon
- cecum
- ileum
100
What organs are located in the umbilical region?
- transverse colon
- caudal duodenal flexure
- jejunum
- root of mesenterium
- ventral end of spleen
- urinary bladder when it is full
- left lobe of pancreas
101
What organs are located in the left flank?
- descending colon
- caudal pole of left kidney
- spleen
- jejunum
- left ovary and uterine horn
102
What organs are located in the right inguinal region?
- inguinal canal
- spermatic cord in males
- vaginal process in females
103
What organs are located in the pubic region?
- urinary bladder
- body/cervix of uterus
- descending colon/rectum
104
What organs are located in the left inguinal region?
- inguinal canal
- spermatic cord in males
- vaginal process in females
