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Anatomy > General Concepts Encephalon > Flashcards

General Concepts Encephalon Flashcards

1
Q

Mesencephalon is known as?

A

midbrain

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2
Q

Prosencephalon is known as?

A

forebrain

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3
Q

Rhombencephalon is known as?

A

hindbrain

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4
Q

What end of the neural tube develops into the three enlargements known as the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon?

A

cranial end

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5
Q

What end of the neural tube becomes the spinal cord?

A

caudal end

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6
Q

What major divisions of the brain does the prosencephalon (forebrain) divide into?

A
  • telencephalon
  • diencephalon
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7
Q

What major division of the brain does the mesencephalon (midbrain) divide into?

A

mesencephalon (midbrain)
Love this, stays the same

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8
Q

What major divisions of the brain does the rhombencephalon (hindbrain) divide into?

A
  • metencephalon
  • myelencephalon
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9
Q

What are the major derivates of the telencephalon?

A
  • cerebral cortex
  • basal nuclei
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10
Q

What are the major derivates of the diencephalon?

A
  • epithalamus
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
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11
Q

What are the major derivates of the mesencephalon?

A
  • tectum
  • tegmentum
  • cerebral peduncles
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12
Q

What are the major derivates of the metencephalon?

A
  • cerebellum
  • pons
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13
Q

What is the major derivate of the myelencephalon?

A

medulla oblongata

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14
Q

The lumen of the telencephalon (cerebral cortex and basal nuclei) is?

A

lateral ventricles

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15
Q

The lumen of the diencephalon (epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus) is?

A

third ventricle

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16
Q

The lumen of the mesencephalon (tectum, tegmentum, cerebral peduncles) is?

A

mesencephalic aqueduct

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17
Q

The lumen of the metencephalon (cerebellum, pons) is?

A

Rostral part of fourth ventricle

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18
Q

The lumen of the Myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) is?

A

Caudal part of fourth ventricle

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19
Q

The lumen of the spinal cord is?

A

central canal

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20
Q

What are the three functional divisions of the encephalon?

A
  • cerebrum
  • cerebellum
  • brainstem
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21
Q

The cerebrum includes what subdivision?

A

Telencephalon

22
Q

The brainstem includes what subdivisions?

A
  • diencephalon
  • mesencephalon
  • metencephalon
  • myelencephalon
23
Q

The space in the neural canal known as what is dorsal to the myelecephalon and metencephalon?

A

IV ventricle

24
Q

What is the passageway of ascending/descending projection neurons, cardiovascular and respiratory control, arousal/awareness, UMN nuclei, and CN VI-XII?

A

Medulla oblongata or myelencephalon

25
Q

The foor of the IV ventricle is known as?

A

rhomboid fossa

26
Q

What is the crossover of descending motor fibers and is considered the boundary between the encephalon and the spinal cord?

A

decussation of pyramids

27
Q

What is the passageway of ascending/descending projection neurons, arousal/awareness, UMN nuclei, and CN V?

A

pons or metencephalon

28
Q

What corresponds to the tree shape formation made by the white matter (axons) in the center of the cerebellum?

A

Abbor Vitae
(“tree of life”)

29
Q

What corresponds to the folds of the cortex (peripheral gray matter/neuron somas) of the cerebellum?

A

folias

30
Q

What is the passage of ascending/descending projection neurons, visual/auditory reflexes, arousal/awareness, UMN nuclei, CN III and IV?

A

mesencephalon

31
Q

The rostral and caudal colliculi make up what?

A

tectum

32
Q

The rostral colliculi are responsible for what?

A

visual reflexes

33
Q

The caudal colliculi are responsible for what?

A

auditory reflexes

34
Q

What is the gateway/relay center to forebrain, autonomic/homeostatic control, arousal/awareness, part of UMN control system, CN II?

A

diencephalon

35
Q

What sense skips the thalamus?

A

olfactory

36
Q

What gland is found dorsal and caudal position in the epithalamus, produces melatonin, and resembles a pine cone?

A

pineal gland

37
Q

What receives/processes sensory input, voluntary motor control, integration of information, memory/storage, behavior/mentation, and CN I?

A

telencephalon

38
Q

What is the deep grey matter of the cerebrum?

A

basal nuclei

39
Q

What is the superfiical grey matter of the cerebrum?

A

cortex

40
Q

The telencephalon contains what fibers?

A
  • association
  • projection
  • commissurals
41
Q

What fibers associate areas in the same side (ipsilateral)?

A

association

42
Q

What fibers communicate superior with inferior areas and vice versa?

A

projection

43
Q

What fibers communicate contralateral areas, right with left and vice versa?

A

commissurals

44
Q

What are the large commissural fibers that connect the right and left hemispheres?

A

corpus callosum

45
Q

What is the group of subcortical nuclei within the brain responsible mainly for motor control?

A

basal nuclei

46
Q

What is the cerebral cortex involved in higher-order brain functions as sensory perception, cognition, generation of motore commands or spatial reasoning?

A

neocortex (neopallium)

47
Q

What part of the brain is involved with the sense of smell, and is close connected with the structures of the limbic system that control emotions and memory?

A

Rhinencephalon

48
Q

What is the group of brain structures involved in behavioral and emotional responses, especially for survival, feeding, reproduction and caring for our younf, and fight or flight reponses?

A

limbic system

49
Q

What structure is important for survival because it helps detect danger and automatically activate the fight or flight response?

A

amygdala

50
Q

What is the sea horse shaped part of the brain that plays a key role in memory, learning, and emotions?

A

hippocampus

Anatomy (29 decks)

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