Canine Thoracic Cavity Flashcards
Where is the cardiac notch?
4th intercostal space
Where is the basal (caudal) border of the lung in dogs?
Dorsal - 10th intercostal space
Ventral - 6-7th intercostal spaces
The right lung has how many lobes? List them
4
Cranial, caudal, middle, accessory
What is the term of a groove, cleft, or space in an organ where blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves and other ducts enter or exit through it?
Hilus
The left lung has how many lobes? List them.
2
Cranial and caudal
True or false: the cranial lobe of the left lung is split into cranial and caudal parts.
True
What passes through the hilus of the left lung?
Bronchi pulmonary arteries, pulmonary vessels, pulmonary veins
Where is the apex of the heart (left ventricle) located?
5-6th intercostal space on the left side of the thorax
What is the space between the caudal border of the lungs and caudal border of the diaphragm called?
Costodiaphragmatic recess
How many C shaped hyaline cartilages form the skeleton of the trachea?
35
What is the name of the ridge of the last tracheal cartilage?
Carina
At the tracheal bifurcation, the bronchial tree splits into what?
Right and left bronchus (primary bronchi)
The primary bronchi of the bronchial tree spit into what?
Lobar bronchi (secondary bronchi)
The lobar bronchi of the bronchial tree split into what?
Segmental bronchi (tertiary bronchi)
What connects the lungs to mediastinum and stabilizes caudal lung lobes?
Pulmonary ligaments
In the dog, the tunica muscularis of the esophagus is composed entirely of what throughout its length?
Skeletal muscle
In the tunica muscularis of the cat, there is a transition from _____ to _____ muscle as the esophagus courses causally from pharynx to cardia of the stomach.
Skeletal to smooth
What muscle type is the predominant type found in the caudal 1/3 of the esophagus in cats?
Smooth muscle
What are the three branches of the aorta?
Ascending aorta, descending aorta, and aortic arch
What vessels branch off the ascending aorta?
Coronary arteries
What vessels branch off the descending aorta?
Bronchoesophageal artery and dorsal intercostal arteries
What vessels branch off the aortic arch?
Brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery
What vessels branch off the Brachiocephalic trunk ?
Left common carotid artery, right common carotid artery, and right subclavian artery
What vessels branch off the right and left subclavian arteries?
Vertebral artery, costocervical trunk, superficial cervical artery, axillary artery, and internal thoracic artery
Dorsal intercostal arteries 1-3 arise from?
Costocervical trunk
Dorsal intercostal arteries 4-13 arise from?
Aorta
The ventral intercostal arteries arise from?
Internal thoracic artery
True or false: the dorsal and ventral intercostal arteries anastomose.
True
List the veins of the thoracic cavity.
Cranial and caudal vena cava, azygos vein, Costocervical vein, Brachiocephalic vein, internal thoracic vein
The azygos vein drains where?
Into cranial vena cava or right atrium
The azygos vein collects blood from?
Dorsal intercostal veins
True or false: only the right azygos vein develops in the dog and cat (usually).
True
Dorsal intercostal veins drain where?
Into azygos vein
Ventral intercostal veins drain where?
Into internal thoracic vein
True or false: dorsal and ventral intercostal veins anastomose.
True
What structure carries lymph from cisterna chyli to the venous system cranial to the heart?
Thoracic duct
The thoracic duct runs with what vessels?
Aorta and azygos vein collects blood
The thoracic duct follows the esophagus where?
To thoracic inlet
What is the thin, loose fold of pleura that surrounds the caudal vena cava and right phrenic nerve?
Plica vena cava
The intermediate lobe of the right lung sits in what space formed by the plica vena cava and mediastinum?
Mediastinal space
What is the median partition in the thorax that is the space between the right and left pleural sacs?
Mediastinum
Is the mediastinum symmetrical? Explain.
No
Deflected to the left in certain places due to larger right lung
What structures does the mediastinum contain?
Heart, trachea, esophagus, lymph nodes, thymus, vessels, nerves
What are the three regions of the mediastinum?
Cranial, middle, caudal
The mediastinum is bound by what?
Connective tissue and pleura
What structure connects each ring of the trachea?
Annular ligaments
What structure closes the opening of each C ring of the trachea?
Trachealis muscle
