Canine Thoracic Cavity

Question 1

Where is the cardiac notch?

Answer 1

4th intercostal space

Question 2

Where is the basal (caudal) border of the lung in dogs?

Answer 2

Dorsal - 10th intercostal space
Ventral - 6-7th intercostal spaces

Question 3

The right lung has how many lobes? List them

Answer 3

4
Cranial, caudal, middle, accessory

Question 4

What is the term of a groove, cleft, or space in an organ where blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves and other ducts enter or exit through it?

Answer 4

Hilus

Question 5

The left lung has how many lobes? List them.

Answer 5

2
Cranial and caudal

Question 6

True or false: the cranial lobe of the left lung is split into cranial and caudal parts.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What passes through the hilus of the left lung?

Answer 7

Bronchi pulmonary arteries, pulmonary vessels, pulmonary veins

Question 8

Where is the apex of the heart (left ventricle) located?

Answer 8

5-6th intercostal space on the left side of the thorax

Question 9

What is the space between the caudal border of the lungs and caudal border of the diaphragm called?

Answer 9

Costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 10

How many C shaped hyaline cartilages form the skeleton of the trachea?

Answer 10

35

Question 11

What is the name of the ridge of the last tracheal cartilage?

Answer 11

Carina

Question 12

At the tracheal bifurcation, the bronchial tree splits into what?

Answer 12

Right and left bronchus (primary bronchi)

Question 13

The primary bronchi of the bronchial tree spit into what?

Answer 13

Lobar bronchi (secondary bronchi)

Question 14

The lobar bronchi of the bronchial tree split into what?

Answer 14

Segmental bronchi (tertiary bronchi)

Question 15

What connects the lungs to mediastinum and stabilizes caudal lung lobes?

Answer 15

Pulmonary ligaments

Question 16

In the dog, the tunica muscularis of the esophagus is composed entirely of what throughout its length?

Answer 16

Skeletal muscle

Question 17

In the tunica muscularis of the cat, there is a transition from _____ to _____ muscle as the esophagus courses causally from pharynx to cardia of the stomach.

Answer 17

Skeletal to smooth

Question 18

What muscle type is the predominant type found in the caudal 1/3 of the esophagus in cats?

Answer 18

Smooth muscle

Question 19

What are the three branches of the aorta?

Answer 19

Ascending aorta, descending aorta, and aortic arch

Question 20

What vessels branch off the ascending aorta?

Answer 20

Coronary arteries

Question 21

What vessels branch off the descending aorta?

Answer 21

Bronchoesophageal artery and dorsal intercostal arteries

Question 22

What vessels branch off the aortic arch?

Answer 22

Brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery

Question 23

What vessels branch off the Brachiocephalic trunk ?

Answer 23

Left common carotid artery, right common carotid artery, and right subclavian artery

Question 24

What vessels branch off the right and left subclavian arteries?

Answer 24

Vertebral artery, costocervical trunk, superficial cervical artery, axillary artery, and internal thoracic artery

Question 25

Dorsal intercostal arteries 1-3 arise from?

Answer 25

Costocervical trunk

Question 26

Dorsal intercostal arteries 4-13 arise from?

Answer 26

Aorta

Question 27

The ventral intercostal arteries arise from?

Answer 27

Internal thoracic artery

Question 28

True or false: the dorsal and ventral intercostal arteries anastomose.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

List the veins of the thoracic cavity.

Answer 29

Cranial and caudal vena cava, azygos vein, Costocervical vein, Brachiocephalic vein, internal thoracic vein

Question 30

The azygos vein drains where?

Answer 30

Into cranial vena cava or right atrium

Question 31

The azygos vein collects blood from?

Answer 31

Dorsal intercostal veins

Question 32

True or false: only the right azygos vein develops in the dog and cat (usually).

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Dorsal intercostal veins drain where?

Answer 33

Into azygos vein

Question 34

Ventral intercostal veins drain where?

Answer 34

Into internal thoracic vein

Question 35

True or false: dorsal and ventral intercostal veins anastomose.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

What structure carries lymph from cisterna chyli to the venous system cranial to the heart?

Answer 36

Thoracic duct

Question 37

The thoracic duct runs with what vessels?

Answer 37

Aorta and azygos vein collects blood

Question 38

The thoracic duct follows the esophagus where?

Answer 38

To thoracic inlet

Question 39

What is the thin, loose fold of pleura that surrounds the caudal vena cava and right phrenic nerve?

Answer 39

Plica vena cava

Question 40

The intermediate lobe of the right lung sits in what space formed by the plica vena cava and mediastinum?

Answer 40

Mediastinal space

Question 41

What is the median partition in the thorax that is the space between the right and left pleural sacs?

Answer 41

Mediastinum

Question 42

Is the mediastinum symmetrical? Explain.

Answer 42

No Deflected to the left in certain places due to larger right lung

Question 43

What structures does the mediastinum contain?

Answer 43

Heart, trachea, esophagus, lymph nodes, thymus, vessels, nerves

Question 44

What are the three regions of the mediastinum?

Answer 44

Cranial, middle, caudal

Question 45

The mediastinum is bound by what?

Answer 45

Connective tissue and pleura

Question 46

What structure connects each ring of the trachea?

Answer 46

Annular ligaments

Question 47

What structure closes the opening of each C ring of the trachea?

Answer 47

Trachealis muscle