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Anatomy > Brachial Plexus And Thoracic Limb Nerves > Flashcards

Brachial Plexus And Thoracic Limb Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Are the ventral branches of spinal nerves bidirectional or unidirectional?

A

Bidirectional

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2
Q

The ventral branches of spinal nerves give rise to what structure?

A

Brachial plexus

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3
Q

The brachial plexus includes which vertebrae?

A

C6 - T2

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4
Q

The brachial plexus is the nerve supply to what?

A

Thoracic limb

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5
Q

The phrenic nerve is associated with the brachial plexus because it is associated with which vertebrae?

A

C5-C6-C7

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6
Q

The phrenic nerve is the motor nerve of what structure and what does it control?

A

Diaphragm, breathing (inspiration)

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7
Q

The thoracic limb has cutaneous innervation via what nerves of the brachial plexus?

A

Axillary nerve and radial nerve

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8
Q

The area where nerves overlap is called what?

A

Overlap Zone (OZ)

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9
Q

What is the area where nerves do not overlap called?

A

Autonomous zone (AZ)

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10
Q

In what zone can we test if cutaneous innervation is functional?

A

Autonomous zone

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11
Q

What are the extrinsic nerves of the brachial plexus?

A

Brachiocephalic nerve, cranial pectoral nerve, caudal pectoral nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, long thoracic nerve, lateral thoracic nerve

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12
Q

What are the intrinsic nerves of the brachial plexus?

A

Suprascapular nerve, subscapular nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, axillary nerve, radial nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve

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13
Q

True or false: Motor nerves always have proprioception.

A

True

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14
Q

General somatic efferent refers to motor or sensory nerves?

A

Motor

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15
Q

General somatic afferent refers to motor or sensory nerves?

A

Sensory

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16
Q

The Brachiocephalic nerve provides sensory and motor function to what structure?

A

Cleidobrachialis m

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17
Q

The cranial pectoral nerve supplies motor function to what structure?

A

Superficial pectoral m

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18
Q

The caudal pectoral nerve supplies motor function to what structure?

A

Deep pectoral m

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19
Q

The thoracodorsal nerve supplies motor function to what structure?

A

Latissimus dorsi m

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20
Q

The long thoracic nerve provides motor function to what structure?

A

Serratus ventralis m

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21
Q

The lateral thoracic nerve provides motor function to what structure?

A

Cutaneous trunci m
Note that the nerve is considered extrinsic but the muscle it innervates is not

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22
Q

The suprascapular nerve supplies motor function to what structure?

A

Supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles

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23
Q

The subscapular nerve provides motor function to what structure?

A

Subscapularis muscle

24
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve provides sensory and motor function to what structures?

A

Biceps brachii m, brachialis m, coracobrachialis m
Sensory to: medial aspect of antebrachium, palmar aspect of manus

25
Q

The axillary nerve provides sensory and motor function to what structures?

A

Teres major m, teres minor m, deltoideus m, caudal part of subscapularis m
Sensory to: craniolateral shoulder area, cranial aspect of antebrachium palmar

26
Q

The radial nerve provides sensory and motor function to what structures?

A

Triceps brachii m, tensor fasciae antebrachii m, anconeus m, brachioradialis m, extensor and supinator mm
Sensory to (superficial branch): cranial and lateral aspect of antebrachium, medial and dorsal aspect of manus

27
Q

The radial nerve runs closely with what vessel?

A

Cephalic vein

28
Q

What branch provides sensory function from the radial nerve?

A

Superficial branch

29
Q

What branch provides motor function from the radial nerve?

A

Deep branch

30
Q

The median nerve provides sensory and motor function to what structures?

A

Pronator teres m, flexor carpi radialis m, superficial digital flexor m, deep digital flexor m, pronator quadratus m
Sensory to: palmar aspect of the manus

31
Q

The ulnar nerve provides sensory and motor function to what structures?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris m, deep digital flexor m, interossei mm
Sensory to: caudal aspect of the antebrachium, palmar aspect of manus, lateral side of digit 5

32
Q

The segment of vertebrae that gives rise to the nerves supplying the thoracic limb is called?

A

Cervical intumescence

33
Q

Spinal roots are unidirectional or bidirectional?

A

Unidirectional

34
Q

The dorsal spinal roots are comprised of what type of fibers?

A

Afferent (sensory and proprioceptive)

35
Q

The ventral spinal roots are comprised of what fibers?

A

Efferent (motor neurons to muscles and glands)

36
Q

The dorsal branch of spinal nerves carry nerve fibers that innervate structures _______ to the transverse processes.

A

Dorsal

37
Q

The ventral branch of spinal nerves carry nerve fibers that innervate structures _______ to the transverse processes.

A

Ventral

38
Q

Nerves must have what in order to have an overlap zone or autonomous zone?

A

Cutaneous area (CA)

39
Q

What nerve has a communicating branch with the median nerve proximal and medial to the cubital joint?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

40
Q

The superficial branch of the radial nerve is divided into what?

A

Two antebrachiocutaneous nerves

41
Q

The antebrachiocutaneous nerves of the superficial branch of the radial nerve are responsible for what?

A

The autonomous zone of the radial nerve is divided

42
Q

The antebrachiocutaneous nerves of the superficial branch of the radial nerve run parallel to what vessel?

A

Cephalic vein

43
Q

The ulnar nerve has a superficial branch named what?

A

Caudal antebrachial cutaneous nerve

44
Q

What are the autonomous zones of the ulnar nerve?

A

Caudal area of the antebrachium and Abaxial areas of the fifth digit

45
Q

The suprascapular nerve can be found where?

A

Cranial to the scapular notch

46
Q

The subscapular nerve can be found where?

A

Medial view when you get into the subscapular m

47
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve can be found where?

A

Between the biceps brachii and the brachial artery in a medial view

48
Q

The axillary nerve can be found where?

A

Caudal to the neck of the scapula

49
Q

The median nerve can be found where?

A

Originates from common trunk with ulnar nerve in the proximal and medial region of the brachium. It runs caudal to the brachial artery.

50
Q

The ulnar nerve can be found where?

A

Originates in common trunk with median nerve. Runs in the groove formed by the medial epicondyle of humerus and the olecranon

51
Q

The radial nerve can be found where?

A

It first innervates triceps brachii muscle heads in medial view then deep to the lateral head of the triceps in lateral view

52
Q

The deep branch of the radial nerve can be found where?

A

Deep to the extensor carporadialis m. You can reflect this muscle to see the rest of the branch

53
Q

What would be the motor/sensory deficiency in a radial nerve injury that is at the level of the shoulder joint/brachial plexus?

A

Lose everything radial nerve related.
Motor to triceps brachii, tensor fascia antebrachii, anconeus, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis, common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor, extensor carpi ulnaris, supinator, abductor policis longus
Sensory to cranial and lateral aspect of antebrachium, medial and dorsal aspect of manus
Would cause “wrist drop” due to loss of motor function to extensor muscles of the antebrachium in thoracic limb

54
Q

What would be the motor/sensory deficiency in a radial nerve injury that is at the level of the cubital joint?

A

Lose everything at and below cubital joint
Motor to brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis, common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor, extensor carpi ulnaris, supinator, and abductor policis longus
Sensory to cranial and lateral aspect of antebrachium, medial and dorsal aspect of manus
May cause dropped cubital joint and knuckling of digits due to loss of motor function to carpus and digits

55
Q

Sensory nerves also have postganglionic sympathetic general visceral efferent fibers. These sympathetic motor fibers are motor for what structures?

A

Smooth muscles in vessels, piloerector muscle, and glands located in the skin

56
Q

Motor nerves also have general somatic afferent proprioceptive fibers. These fibers are responsible for what?

A

Bringing sensory information from stretch receptors located in joints, capsules, ligaments, tendons or skeletal muscles to central nerve system

Anatomy (18 decks)

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