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Anatomy > Abdomen and Pelvis: Walls, Peritonuem, Stomach, Intestines > Flashcards

Abdomen and Pelvis: Walls, Peritonuem, Stomach, Intestines Flashcards

1
Q

What major structures make up the GI tract?

A
  • Stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
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2
Q

The small intestine is divided into what three sections?

A
  • duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
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3
Q

The large intestine is divided into what 4 parts?

A
  • cecum
  • colon
  • rectum
  • anus
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4
Q

The colon is divided into what three sections?

A
  • ascending colon
  • trnsverse colon
  • descending colon
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5
Q

Is the entire digestive system encompassed by the GI tract?

A

NO
- also includes oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus

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6
Q

What are the four tunics (coats) of the GI tract?

A
  • serous coat
  • muscular coat
  • submucous coat
  • mucous coat
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7
Q

Which coat of the GI tract is the visceral peritoneum?

A

serous coat

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8
Q

Which coat of the GI tract has longitudinal and circular layers?

A

Muscular coat

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9
Q

List the parts of the stomach starting with esophagus.

A
  • esophagus
  • cardia
  • fundus
  • body
  • pyloric part (antrum and canal)
  • pylorus (exit)
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10
Q

What is the pylorus?

A

Enlarged smooth muscle that regulates the pass of content from stomach to small intestine.

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11
Q

What is an internal vomit? Why is it dangerous?

A
  • occurs when the content gets in the esophagus and not outside the body
  • dangerous because it can irritate esophagus and cause esophageal cancer
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12
Q

Define vomit in general.

A

Involuntary forceful expulsion of content from the stomach to the exterior of the body through the mouth

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13
Q

What is the signifiance of dogs having a large stomach capacity?

A

They are descendants of wolves

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14
Q

The internal border of the pyloric antrum is formed by what?

A

lesser curvature of the stomach

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15
Q

The greater curvature of the stomach points _____ and to the _____.

A

caudal, left

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16
Q

The fundus is located to the _____, at the level of what?

A

left, at the level of the left hypochondrium

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17
Q

The pyloric part and pylorus are located to the _____.

A

right

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18
Q

What is the reason GDV can occur in dogs?

A

There is no big ligament holding stomach in place

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19
Q

The lesser curvature of the stomach points ____ and to the ____.

A

cranial, right

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20
Q

What six structures arise from the dorsal mesentery?

A
  • dorsal mesogastrium (greater omentum)
  • mesoduodenum
  • mesojejunum
  • mesoileum
  • mesocolon
  • mesorectum
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21
Q

What three structures arise from the ventral mesentery?

A
  • ventral mesogastrium (lesser omentum)
  • falciform ligament
  • median ligament of the bladder
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22
Q

The greater omentum courses from the ____ body wall to ______ of the stomach.

A

dorsal, greater curvature

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23
Q

The greater omentum is split into what two sections?

A
  • superficial leaf
  • deep leaf
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24
Q

The superficial leaf of the greater omentum contains what organ?

A

spleen

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25
Q

The deep leaf of the greater omentum contains what organ?

A

left lobe of pancreaas

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26
Q

True or false: The greater omentum stores a lot of fat and is delicate.

A

True

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27
Q

What connects the omental bursa with the peritoneal cavity in the right side of the abdomen?

A

omental (epiploic) foramen

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28
Q

List the six parts of the duodenum in order.

A
  • cranial part
  • cranial duodenal flexure
  • descending part
  • caudal duodenal flexure
  • ascending part
  • duodenojejunal flexure
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29
Q

What is the larger portion of the duodenum that you will have to manipulate during a spay procedure?

A

descending part

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30
Q

The major duodenal papilla are the openings to what two ducts?

A
  • bile duct
  • pancreatic duct
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31
Q

The minor duodenal papilla is the opening to what duct?

A

accessory pancreatic duct

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32
Q

True or false: Vegetarians have a longer jejunum compared to people who eat protein/meat.

A

True

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33
Q

The ileum is defined by what two structures?

A
  • antimesenteric ileal artery
  • ileocecal fold
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34
Q

What is the cecocolic orifice?

A

opening between the cecum and the ascending colon

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35
Q

What is the ileocecal fold?

A

plica of peritoneum between the cecum and ileum

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36
Q

List the five parts of the colon in order.

A
  • ascending colon
  • right colic flexure
  • transverse colon
  • left colic flexure
  • descending colon
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37
Q

The mesentery is split into what five portions?

A
  • mesoduodenum
  • mesojejunum
  • mesoileum
  • mesocolon
  • mesorectum
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38
Q

The external anal sphincter is controlled by what?

A

somatic nervous system

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39
Q

The internal anal sphincter is controlled by what?

A

autonomic nervous system

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40
Q

What is the columnar zone of the anus?

A

transitional tissue between mucosa and skin

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41
Q

What three organs are in the right cranial quadrant of the abdomen?

A
  • liver
  • transverse colon
  • ascending colon
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42
Q

What five organs are in the right caudal quadrant of the abdomen?

A
  • descending duodenum
  • cecum
  • ileum
  • jejunoileal junction
  • caudal duodenal flexure
43
Q

What four organs are in the left cranial quadrant of the abdomen?

A
  • stomach
  • spleen
  • duodenojejunal flexure
  • root of mesentery
44
Q

What six organs are in the left caudal quadrant of the abdomen?

A
  • descending colon
  • ascending duodenum
  • uterine horn
  • uterine body
  • urinary bladder
  • rectus abdominis muscle
45
Q

What are the nine regions of the abdomen?

A
  • right hypochondrium
  • xiphoid
  • left hypochondrium
  • right flank
  • umbilical
  • left flank
  • right inguinal
  • pubic
  • left inguinal
46
Q

What are the boundaries of the xiphoid region?

A
  • xiphoid process (top)
  • costal arch (side)
  • umbilicus (bottom)
47
Q

What are the boundaries of the left and right hypochondrium regions?

A
  • cupula of diaphragm at 6th intercostal space to xiphiod process (top)
  • diaphragm (side)
  • line between the last ribs passing at the level of the umbilicus (bottom)
48
Q

What are the boundaries of the left and right flank regions?

A
  • line between the last ribs passing at the level of the umbilicus (top)
  • mammary line (side)
  • coxal tuberosity (bottom)
49
Q

What are the boundaries of the umbilical region?

A
  • umbilicus (top)
  • mamary line (sides)
  • line between the coxal tuberosities (bottom)
50
Q

What are the boundaries of the pubic region?

A
  • line between the coxal tuberosities (top)
  • mammary line (sides)
  • pubic tubercle (bottom)
51
Q

What are the boundaries of the left and right inguinal regions?

A
  • coxal tuberosities (top)
  • mammary line (side)
  • inguinal ligament (bottom)
52
Q

The inguinal canal is the passageway for what structures?

A
  • external pudendal artery and vein
  • genitofemoral nerve
  • lymphatics
  • vaginal process / tunic
  • spermatic cord
53
Q

What is the perforation in the abdominal wall in the region of the groin?

A

Inguinal canal

54
Q

The inguinal canal extends between what?

A

superficial and deep inguinal rings

55
Q

The deep inguinal ring opens to where?

A

abdomen

56
Q

The superficial inguinal ring opens to where?

A

exterior

57
Q

Does the abdomen have positive or negative pressure?

A

Positive

58
Q

What is the attachment of rectus abdominis muscle?

A

Prepubic tendon

59
Q

The muscular lacuna is the passageway for what?

A
  • iliopsoas muscle
  • femoral nerve
60
Q

The vascular lacuna (femoral ring) is the passageway for what?

A

vessels coursing to pelvic limb

61
Q

What vessels supply blood to the abdominal wall?

A
  • deep circumflex iliac artery
  • cranial abdominal artery
  • cranial (deep and superficial) epigastric arteries
  • caudal (superficial and deep) epigastric arteries
62
Q

The deep circumflex iliac artery originates from what vessel?

A

aorta

63
Q

The cranial abdominal artery originates from what vessel?

A

common trunk with phrenicoabdominal artery off aorta

64
Q

The cranial epigastric arteries originate from what vessel?

A

internal thoracic artery

65
Q

The caudal epigastric arteries originate from what vessel?

A

pudendoepigastric trunk

66
Q

What vessels can change their blood flow depending on if they are supplying functional vs non functional mammary glands?

A
  • cranial superficial epigastric artery
  • caudal superficial epigastric artery
67
Q

What nerves go to the abdominal wall?

A
  • costabdominal nerve
  • cranial iliohypogastric nerve
  • caudal iliohypogastric nerve
  • ilioinguinal nerve
  • lateral cutaneous femoral nerve
68
Q

What is the smooth muscle membrane lining the cavity organs and inner walls of body cavities?

A

Serosa / serous membrane

69
Q

Serosas secrete fluid (serous fluid) to allow what?

A

lubricated movements between opposing surfaces

70
Q

The thoracic cavity contains what two other cavities?

A
  • pleural cavity
  • pericardial cavity
71
Q

The abdominopelvic cavity contains what other cavity?

A
  • peritoneal cavity
72
Q

The peritoneal cavity has what three layers of peritoneum?

A
  • parietal peritoneum
  • visceral peritoneum
  • connecting peritoneum
73
Q

If you cut the peritoneum lining the abdominal wall and continue to close without suturing the peritoneum back together, what will occur?

A

The fascia will glue to organs

74
Q

At what point is the peritoneum glued with cavity walls?

A

linea alba

75
Q

What is the fascia transversalis?

A

connective tissue that glues the parietal peritoneum with the cavity walls

76
Q

The connecting peritoneum is split into what two sections?

A
  • dorsal mesentery
  • ventral mesentery
77
Q

The parietal peritoneum covers what?

A

abdominal walls

78
Q

The visceral pericardium covers what?

A

digestive tube

79
Q

The connecting peritoneum covers what?

A

Peritoneal cavity

80
Q

What resides in the pleural cavity?

A

NOTHING except pleural fluid

81
Q

What resides in the pericardial cavity?

A

NOTHING except pericardial fluid

82
Q

What resides in the peritoneal cavity?

A

Ovaries may be considered inside this cavity, but other than that only fluid is here

83
Q

The dorsal mesentery is related with the stomach growth and twists during development of the organ and is known as what?

A

greater omentum

84
Q

The greater omentum connects the ______ of the stomach, _____, and the initial part of the ______ with the _____ which connects to the dorsal body wall.

A

greater curvature, spleen, duodenum, pancreas

85
Q

The omental bursa is located where?

A

Between the superficial and deep leaf of the greater omentum

86
Q

What are the membranes of the ventral mesentery that connects the stomach with the liver?

A

lesser omentum

87
Q

What ligament goes from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver?

A

hepatogastric ligament

88
Q

What ligament goes from the first part of the duodenum to the liver?

A

hepatoduodenal ligament

89
Q

What two portions can the lesser omentum be split into?

A
  • hepatogastric ligament
  • hepatoduodenal ligament
90
Q

What membranes originate from the embryonic ventral mesentery?

A

lesser omentum

91
Q

In adults, the umbilical vein becomes what ligament?

A

Teres ligament (round ligament) of the liver

92
Q

In fetus, the umbilical vein is embedded between what?

A

Membranes of falciform ligament

93
Q

What are the membranes of the ventral mesentery that connects the liver with the diaphragm and the ventral wall of the abdomen?

A

falciform ligament

94
Q

What are the membranes of the ventral mesentery that connects the bladder with the ventral wall of the abdomen?

A

Median ligament of the urinary bladder

95
Q

In fetus, what is embedded in between the membranes of the median ligament of the urinary bladder?

A

urachus

96
Q

What organs are located in the right hypochondrium?

A
  • right lobes of liver
  • pylorus of stomach
  • right colic flexure
  • right kidney
97
Q

What organs are located in the xiphoid region?

A
  • liver / gall bladder
  • body of stomach
  • transverse colon
  • left lobe of pancreas
98
Q

What organs are located in the left hypochondrium?

A
  • left lobes of liver
  • fundus of stomach
  • spleen
  • left colic flexure
  • cranial pole of left kidney
99
Q

What organs are located in the right flank?

A
  • descending duodenum
  • right lobe of pancreas
  • jejunum
  • right ovary and uterine horn
  • ascending colon
  • cecum
  • ileum
100
Q

What organs are located in the umbilical region?

A
  • transverse colon
  • caudal duodenal flexure
  • jejunum
  • root of mesenterium
  • ventral end of spleen
  • urinary bladder when it is full
  • left lobe of pancreas
101
Q

What organs are located in the left flank?

A
  • descending colon
  • caudal pole of left kidney
  • spleen
  • jejunum
  • left ovary and uterine horn
102
Q

What organs are located in the right inguinal region?

A
  • inguinal canal
  • spermatic cord in males
  • vaginal process in females
103
Q

What organs are located in the pubic region?

A
  • urinary bladder
  • body/cervix of uterus
  • descending colon/rectum
104
Q

What organs are located in the left inguinal region?

A
  • inguinal canal
  • spermatic cord in males
  • vaginal process in females

Anatomy (29 decks)

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